Mechanics Biography 69

The Hero of Social Labor History of Gas Creating this year turned 55 since the start of the release of a legendary car with a very simple name: gas ... In our memory, this unpretentious and reliable all -terrain vehicle is associated with dust, which is steaming over the field road during the harvest, solemn military parades on Red Square, oil workers, geologists and doctors of district hospitals.

The new Soviet car was born painfully for a long time - back in March of the year, an almost ready -made sample went to the testing mileage, and the start of conveyor production had to be waited until August 25. True, time was dashing ... The other was another car. The difference between gas and predecessors was truly huge. In terms of comfort, “sixty -ninth” approached the cars of his time.

Metal doors, a salon heater, electric wipers, a synchronized gearbox, more thought out, was the location of the control organs, and the salon itself became more spacious. On the order of artillerymen, in general, we must admit that the car that received the GAZ69 index was very successful. It is no accident that even in the report on state tests conducted in the year, there are practically no complaints.

Burdakhina was called to the first department and entrusted with a secret task: to demonstrate a movie clock about the novelty ... Stalin. So, during a responsible film screening, a light bulb burned out in the device. And not just burned out, but did it with a loud cotton. Confusion arose. Members of the Politburo took turns to vilify the "shoemaker". But Stalin remained calm.

Upon the return of Burdakhin to Bronnitsy, one of the colleagues of the movie operator inextricably cut: “How, you were not shot? And now let's rewind the imaginary film a little back and tell how this wonderful car was created with the fact that the military experience of operating American jeeps and our “goats” revealed a number of significant drawbacks of both types of machines.

First of all, all of them were not spacious enough, and the GAZB was also insanely unexpected. And then, the Gorky Plant was about to stop the release of pre-war models, with which its passenger all-terrain vehicles were unified. And this meant the complete futility of the further production of the latter. Moreover, to be up to the end, the correct designation - gas of the second number belongs to the body such a system in Gorky was adopted from Ford.

By the way, on the frames of the film, which was shown to the leader, her fragment was represented at the very beginning of the article, it is clearly visible that the word “worker” was stamped on the side of the hood. So, the son of the chief designer of Gaza Andrei Alexandrovich Lipgart, Sergey, at one time recalled that it was his father who called the gas to be distinguished by the word to distinguish this word even on cars that passed state examination.

As for the name "Truzenik", for some reason he was not approved. And in the series, the all -terrain vehicle went with the characteristic "bald patches" on the sidewalls. And the first sketches of the “sixty -ninth”, according to eyewitnesses, Grigory Moiseevich made in the far year. That is, a passenger engine with a relatively small torque. The choice of the power unit demanded to expand the power range of the three -stage gearbox to the values ​​of 6.2 - 7.5.

Moreover, the “handout” intentionally completed the “renewed”, as the engineers kept in the mind the possibility of installing a power shaft for example, for the drive of the running screw of reconnaissance amphibians on the base of gas to increase the useful capacity of the car to eight people or kg of cargo, the power unit was removed forward. In the summer of the year, it became more or less clear how the car would look.

Lipgart confidently answered Stalin that the tractor was also being prepared for production. The overall layout of the car was drawn by engineer F. Lependin, the body was designed under the leadership of B. Pankratov, and the large amount of work on the transmission was completed by V. Dehtyar and S. as for the light and strong frame with a closed cross -sectional, the design was answered by V.

Technically, the new car tried to “link” the “victory” as much as possible. In addition to a strong motor, a gearbox with changed gear relations, a steering mechanism, cardan hinges, wheeled brakes with hydraulic drives and rear lever shock absorbers were taken from it. The leading bridges “borrowed” the gas was an advanced structure with hubs on conical bearings, completely unloaded half -beds and a slotted connection instead of a gut of gas on the gas, such bridges did not manage to introduce such bridges.

The wheels of the “shoe” in the tires of the Yaroslavl factory, and I were clearly insufficient for driving by off -road size 6.5 - in the final version it will be replaced by drum. Factory tests The first sample from the experimental series E-I was ready by October of the year. Outwardly, it seems to resemble serial gas, but something was wrong in its proportions.

The radiator cladding is different, and the wings too. And the windshield is larger. And by the end of the year, also E-IV.The factory tests of the samples were led by engineer A. All cars passed 12 km, taking on a hook specially designed for them a single -legged gas with a carrying capacity of 0.5 tons. There is a legend that the trailer was created to take the eyes, so as not to carry the MM mortar and mm cannon, the tractor of which the gas was to serve.

Well, a trailer, loaded according to the norm of the gun, very well replaced it. The factory tests of prototypes GAZ ended by June of the year. It was obvious that a very promising car was born. The report on factory tests indicated the following. The car had a equipped mass of kg, full - kg. In the future, traction was reduced by how much the terms of the KGS on the ground allowed.

The speed has increased. The new all -terrain vehicle had the opportunity to demonstrate these and other no less remarkable qualities in the famous GAZ63 and ZIS trucks, which took place in the spring of the year. Letters of the photographer came to us letters of the wonderful factory photographer Nikolai Nikolaevich Dobrovolsky, who, in fact, led the chronicle of this run.

He writes beautifully and emotionally: “... I dreamed of dirt. Dirt is my element, I like to shoot it, especially on a sunny day. ” Further, Dobrovolsky tells how the cars passed from Krasnodar to Rostov with the long -awaited black grader and larynx. At the same time, ZIS photographers do not call “ironing” cars. It can be seen that the real class of off -road driving was shown gas and ...

the aforementioned Bobiki. It was with their help that Dobrovolsky always managed to get into the head of the column in order to have time to choose a winning angle for shooting. But this mileage did not end, and in the spring of next year the gas was already sent to quite official comparative tests from the GAZB. And then their results: the fuel consumption on the highway decreased from 13.9 to 10.9 liters per km with a trailer - 12.1 liters.

And this despite the fact that the “sixty -ninth” had a large mass. True, on the off -road "Old Soldier" took his own. But the military needed a fairly universal machine, and not the conveyor of the front edge! Lipgart school, meanwhile, work on the machine continued the good from above, no one really signs on the designers. I must say, it was a very difficult, nervous time for the entire team of the design department.

In full swing was a political campaign to combat the "rootless cosmopolitans." Meanwhile, the Gorky plant historically was “smeared more”, where by the way, like the form of many nationalities worked. Moreover, often the “republican” Spaniards, Volga Germans, Jews and the British for certain we know only one more meaningful than the indigenous population. The staff of the KEO was small, and the volume of work cars, trucks, buses, special equipment - colossal.

In such conditions, of course, it did not do without errors and flaws. Therefore, if desired, finding the guilty was not a problem. For example, in the year due to the low quality of the Victory car, its production was suspended. It is suspended with subsequent seats ... And what is the most unpleasant, any criticism of the current situation in the light of the party’s line acquired an inevitable “cosmopolitan” coloring.

In this message it was said that the leadership of the plant with all means impedes the work on the amphibians with the gas index created on the basis of the GAZB. And although we deliberately excluded from this material a story about the creation of Gazovsky amphibians and numerous modifications on the basis of gas is a separate, full of dramatic turns, not to affect the fact that by mind or stupidity he did noted Breshchuk.

So, it is not clear whether a letter came about the sabotage of work on military equipment directly to Beria, but it had consequences. Moreover, none of the people who sorted it out and hearing the arguments that the KEO team was working on more modern amphibians on the nodes of gas as a result from the factory was still fired well, that several engineers were not imprisoned, starting with the chief designer of Lipgart.

Thus, the basis of what it was usually called the “design school of Lipgart” was destroyed. The final strokes but back to the gas ... In the course of preparations for serial production, the car was seriously improved. The power of the engine of the E-V sample was brought to acceptable 55 liters. An oil radiator and a six -blade fan appeared on the engine, eliminating the possibility of overheating.

Optimal gear relations in the transmission were selected, and the “Victory” gearbox was replaced by a fully synchronized node from GAZ12. The outdated leading bridges were replaced by flange, with unloaded half -sun. At the same time, they retained a conical pair of main program from Victory 5, designer V. Soloviev designed the main gearboxes of the “split” of increased hardness. They intended to apply them in a modified “victory”, but the matter did not move.