Biography of the great Ali

Muhammad Ali is an athlete, an activist and a rap object. Berlin, December 17, about the article on the place of work, the observer on culture on January 16 was updated on January 17, 80 years ago, on January 17, Muhammad Ali was born. Repeated world champion, Ali went down in the history of not only world sports. He had a huge impact on the struggle of African-Americans for civil rights, on the anti-war movement of X, on the religious views of many thousands of his black counterparts, on the entire popular culture of America and even on the development of rap music.

He is a real legend. Muhammad Ali died - the legend of the world boxing to truly assess the role and place of Muhammad Ali in American culture is impossible without at least a short historical review of the context - some legendary figures of American athletes, the role and significance of which go far beyond the limits of the sport itself. His predecessor in boxing Jack Johnson - the first black champion of the world in heavyweight was at the beginning of the twentieth century, according to the famous documentaryist Ken Burns, "the most famous African American in the world." On the fronts of the First World War, British soldiers nicknamed the name "Jack Johnson" that terrified them in black, the heavy artillery shells of the German army.

He firmly went down in the history of American culture, on the basis of his life was shot the film "Big White Hope", Miles Davis devoted his album Jack Johnson, rapper Mos Def Sings about Jackson in The New Danger album. Jesse Owens athletes, having won four gold medals at the Olympic Games in the Nazi Berlin of the year, brought the fury of Adolf Hitler, hoping that the games would be a triumph of German athletes and confirmation of the superiority of the Aryan race.

Standing on the podium of honor, next to her hand in the Nazi greeting by a German athlete, Owens gave the honor of the American flag - although in his native America, after the parade in honor of the Olympic winners, he was not allowed to go to the hotel "Waldorf Astoria" through the main entrance, and he was forced to climb the celebration hall on a truck. And President Franklin Roosevelt did not even consider it necessary to invite a four -time Olympic champion to reception in honor of athletes returning from Berlin in the White House.

In the year, at the Olympic Games in Mexico City, two African Americans - the gold medium of Tommy Smith and the bronze medalist John Carlos, inspired by the Owens gesture 32 years earlier, raised their hands in black gloves with a compressed fist - a symbol of their highest glow for Civil America civil rights. The author of the photo, Bettmann signature to the photo, this gesture entered the legend - raised in the struggle against racism - fists of two black American Olympians on the podium during games in Mexico City in the year.

Beib Ruth BasBostilist was so popular and loved throughout America that he turned into one of the brightest symbols of American life between the two world wars. His name entered the dictionaries: the word "ruthian" means "colossal, powerful, majestic, powerful." Dozens of books were written about him, Bayopics were removed, postal stamps were released. Even 70 years after his death in the year, President Donald Trump posthumously awarded Ruta by the highest award of America, a presidential freedom medal.

Well, our contemporaries of the basketball player Michael Jordan and Golphist Tiger Woods are known so much far beyond the sport that there is no need to talk about them. But even against this background, Muhammad Ali stands out. Even its purely sporting achievements and the world's recognition he received for them can not be called outstanding. In the year, summing up the results of the century, the popular American magazine Sports Illustrated called Ali an “athlete of the century”, and the BBC, in addition to the survey conducted annually, decided to determine the sports personality of the century in the same year.

In the first place was Muhammad Ali again. Dozens of books, films, television programs, poems and songs are dedicated to him. He is one of the forerunners and founders and at the same time the main characters who conquered the world in recent decades hip -hop. He is a popular character of comics, video games, animated series of manga. He is not just a legend, he is an integral part of the American popular culture - along with real and mythical characters such as Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, King Kong or Godzill.

His summer is a great reason to try to understand how such a truly mythical status was achieved by a simple guy from a poor Negro family of provincial America. His father painted the signs of local shops and shops, his mother worked as a servant in the rich houses of the city of Luisville in Kentukki. The name Cassius got the boy from his father, who, in turn, was so named in memory of the famous countryman of the family - a prominent policy of the 19th century Cassius Marseellus Klee, the comrade -in -arms of President Lincoln, a fierce supporter of the abolition of slavery in the country and the US ambassador to Russia, which ensured support for the Russian Empire of Lincoln's reforms.And although by the time of the formation of the character of the young Cassius with the abolition of slavery, almost a century has passed, discrimination, segregation and racial inequality in the southern state of Kentukki flourished.

Cassius's mother recalls that once in the store he was refused to sell a bottle of water because of his skin color. A huge impression on a summer boy made a murder that thundered throughout the country in an almost neighboring state of Mississippi, his peer Emmett Till, who, having come from a much more racially tolerant northern Chicago, dared, according to local racists, to speak too freely with a white saleswoman.

In Fury, Cassius, along with a friend, defeated the depot of the local railway station. Cassius began to engage in boxing in the year 12 years. Very soon, he was already the owner of six "golden gloves" of the Kentukki champion and two similar awards of the country's champion. Boxing was then still strictly divided into professional and amateur, glue received all these awards in the competitions of amateurs, and in the same amateur status of the year, at the age of 18, he was delegated to defend the country's honor for the Olympic Games in Rome - professionals were not allowed to participate in the Olympic Games.

From the games in Rome there is a countdown of his world glory - he received there a golden Olympic medal in half -life. In his autobiography of the year, he said that after returning from Rome he threw the medal into the river, in a fury due to the fact that he and his friend were not allowed into the restaurant "only for the whites." However, some friends and biographers Ali deny this version of events and say that he simply lost the medal.

The award was restored to him at the Olympic Games in Atlanta in the year, where he, by that time, was the most famous and legendary American athlete, was awarded to light the Olympic fire. In the same year, he moved to professionals, and in the first three years he won in all 19 battles in which he participated, and 15 of these 19 victories were reached by knockout.

With such a track record, he came to his first match for the title of world champion with the then strongest boxer of the planet Sonny Liston on February 25. Liston was an awesome rival - 12 years older than glue, his previous opponents in the struggle for the title of champion, he knocked out in the first round, he had a criminal past and connections with the mafia. The interest in the match was huge, the leafon was a clear favorite, the bookmakers took bets in his favor.

In anticipation of the match, despite his position of the indisputable outsider, the glue constantly humiliated and insulted Liston: "ugly bear", "he even smells like a bear," after the battle I will send him to the zoo. " He turned the weighing procedure before the battle into a real circus shouting towards the leaflet: "Someone will die in the ring today." Instead of the usual pulse of glue, many people believed that all his bravado was the result of fear, and most likely he would not even reach the ring.

He went out after a heavy battle - in the fourth round, he almost lost his eyes - in the seventh round was recognized as the winner as a result of a technical knockout. Immediately after the end of the fight, it was naturally surrounded by journalists. He was extremely excited and, without stopping for a second, could only constantly repeat: “I am the king, I am the greatest, I am the most beautiful!

I am the greatest! This material contains content provided by Google YouTube.

We ask for your resolution before loading, because it can use Kukis and other technologies. You can get acquainted with the Kukis rules and politicians Google YouTube’s personal data, before giving consent and continuing attention: the content of other sites may contain advertising. “Rap” did not exist then five years before the first experiments in the year with the rhythmic poetry of the hip-hop forefather, a group of New York poets and musicians who called themselves The Last Poets.

Their activity was at the very peak of racial protests, unrest and riots in American cities. They considered themselves and their art a poetic expression of the ideology of Black Power, "Black Panther". There were still seven years before the emergence of the epoch-making track of the African American poet and musician Gila Scott-Heron "Revolution Will Not Be Television", which is considered the first to be the first real rap.

However, both Last Poets and Gil Scott-Heron, not to mention the subsequent generations of rappers, surrender the honor of the pioneer of the genre Cassius Clay. He certainly did not think about musical innovations then. It was important to him loudly, in a machine gun pace characteristic of the future rap, preventing anyone from inserting words, proclaim and affirm his greatness. Nevertheless, intuitive, based on unbridled egocentrism and speech incontinence, the poetic artistic finds of glue laid the foundations of both technology, and the aesthetics of the genre, which seized the whole world in several decades.He predicted that he would win the local champion Henry Cooper in the fifth round by knockout.

Rolling Stone magazine wrote that his “Freestyle’s skill, the natural gift of the rhyme and the comic thrash -current will eventually become a distinctive feature of such masters as Run -D. He is endlessly mentioned in the tracks of various rappers. The leader of Public Enemy Chuck D, and Dan Ali, the founder of ramp, performed. Many stars of the genre were given in it.

The day after the victory, the glue announced the so -called "nation of Islam", and a week later, the leader of the Elijah Muhammad announced that the new champion of the world in the center is Muhammad Ali - the leader of the Elijah Muhammad. And I do not want to wear it. "Despite the name, the creed of the" nation of Islam "is very different from traditional Islam. His adherents wanted to create a separate black nation, the religion of which was based on the worship of Allah and the belief that the Black race is the new God -chosen people.

From this a categorical, up to racism, rejection of white and not uncommon anti -Semitism. In the beginning of the x, the “nation of Islam” was one of the main driving forces of the growing self -awareness of African -Americans and the radicalization of many of them in the struggle for civil rights and racial equality. The prominent African -American leader Malcolm X, opposing the peaceful, non -resistance protest of St.

Martin Luther King, also joined the movement. The appeal of the world -famous and super popular athlete in the new faith and his new name became an example for many of his black brothers - the most famous of them, perhaps the radical poet and essayist Leroy Jones, who took the Muslim name Amiri Barack after Ali. The appeal to Islam became especially popular among jazz musicians who took Muslim names one of the other: Abdullah Ibrahim, Ahmad Jamal, Yusef Latif, Idris Suleiman, Abdul Vadud and many others.

For many African Americans in the years - the time of the most intense struggle for civil rights - Muhammad Ali was her banner along with King, Malcolm Iks and other professional politicians and activists. With his characteristic buggy, Ali loudly proclaimed his black identity, not fearing accusations of racism: "I am America. I am the part of it that you refuse to recognize.

But get used to me. Black, self -confident, impudent. This is my name, not yours; my religion, not yours; My goals, my own. Get used to me. "In the same spirit, he justified his refusal to go to fight in Vietnam:" My enemies are white, not Vietcon or Chinese or Japanese. "With the Koran against the war in years, the American army was formed even by compulsory call, and Elvis Presley was called up at the top of his popularity.

In it, he regularly served in the army, when Muhammad Ali received his agenda in the army, the war in Vietnam was already in full swing. We should not take part in any war, except for the one that is declared Allah or his messenger [that is, the leader of the “nation of Islam Elijah Muhammad]”. He did not fail to his refusal to add a racial reason: “Why should I go ten thousand miles from home and bring down bullets and bombs for the Vietnamese, while in my native Louisville they treat the so -called non -ogam and deprive them of their main human rights?

He was warned that he was facing a imprisonment for a period of five years and a fine of 10 thousand dollars. On the same day, the State Sports Commission of New York deprived him of a boxing license and selected the title of world champion from him. Despite the constant supervision of the FBI and the agency of national security that organized a special secret operation of surveillance under the code name “Minaret” against him, he began to take an active part in rapidly growing anti -war protests: he spoke at rallies, in front of university students, preaching racial justice and pride in African American identity.