Biography of Kostanov Dmitry

Being a literary critic, and a critic, and an essayist, and a translator, and a publicist, and a writer, he generously addressed the entire life experience of his pen saturated and war. This kind of actual motivation, moreover, in conditions of strict power, could not give rise to special attention to the personality and its psychology. Most of the author’s works of pleased, military and post -war years were documentary and scientific: essays, articles and notes of the defender of the Motherland, located in the press of those years.

However, many of them nevertheless were an actual source, a certain set of facts for the subsequent DM military prose. For example, the artist’s article “The city breathed freely” publ. Or essay Dm. Kostanova "Testament" publ. Accordingly, it was precisely these modern author and fateful for each of his compatriots by historical events, that all the creative products of DM were saturated.

Kostanova, including its artistic part. According to one of the modern Adyghe researchers A. Skhalyakho, “of the six stories that entered the collection of D. Kostanov“ Two Heights ”, four - directly about the war, the rest are“ happiness ”and“ two heights ”on peaceful topics, but they are saturated with the thoughts and memories of it” 1, p. And therefore, guided by a scientific systematization, we will build our presentation on the same principle: “military” and “peaceful” topics of the author’s analyzed artistic prose.

The writer in his artistic prose describes a reality that actually revealed to him during military service. Until the middle of the 10ths of the last century, Dm. Kostanov served as a mortar, then a political officer of a rifle company, and only after he became a literary employee of the division newspaper, which could not but affect his word. The subsequently created samples of low artistic prose are the results of the thoughts of a military correspondent, self -subized in everything described by him and therefore honest in his emotions and sincere in his calls, intensively extended to his associates.

The samples of the Soviet warrior, which he corresponded to the dominant socialist realism, are ideal, puffed with patriotism and are ready to give life to the fascist invader for example, Peter Zubarev and the dout of Hassanov from the story “Selfless”, to Adyg. They talk about the great love for mother-rodin and burning hatred of fascist robbers. In each of their words, the truth of his own life, and hence the truth of time ”1, p.

Due to the fact that then the time was Soviet, sometimes the heyday of that ideology, these character traits sparkling in the Soviet defender do not surprise the modern reader and seem quite natural for the prose of those years. Idealism, perhaps, is not, but patriotism and hatred - these qualities can be safely assumed to be actually acting in the writer himself, who sought to protect the homeland as his heroes and fiercely hateing the offender as in his stories.

The transition of a military theme that followed after the liberative bloodshed to peaceful was marked by acute transformations of the artistic structure of the artistic conflict drawn in those years - by transformations that were sharply saturated with a continuous and unquestioning major. However, in fact, writers returned from the front, and with them DM. Kostanov, found themselves in the thick of the heavy and hungry difficulties of the post -war Adyghe village, which was found in the selection of artistic images.

Here, the author pays maximum attention to the most important life contradictions and “tight nodes” of modern collective farm life. So, the hero of the story Dm. Kostanova “Two Heights” Kaplan is depicted in the living conditions of the village, the economy of which is destroyed by the war. Now he is obliged to carry out a ruthless battle with a virtual enemy who does not stand in front of him with a gun, but existing in his subconscious, generated by the current ideology: for the prosperity of collective farms, for the chastity of civilian ideals and intentions.

However, everything recently happened to the hero at the front remains to act on the pages of the story in full force. And therefore, the compositional structure of the specified story DM. Kostanova contains two elements. The first plot component includes a story about how the warrior Kaplan managed to heroically defeat the enemy who seized a certain territory who headed a certain group of Soviet soldiers.

The plot line of Kaplan’s memoirs of the memoirs of the Kaplan, which illuminates the events taking place in the distant Ukraine, once again illustrates the documentary conditional conditioning of the writer’s artistic prose with the memoirs of the writer. The second of the dm. Kostanova of the plot components is already closer to peaceful reality, the very virtual, but sometimes actual in the face of natural enemies of the collective farmer struggling with weeds.

The active and convinced hero Kaplan here also defeats the enemy who won the territorial position, managing to crush the weeds with boots. So in another, written at the time of socialist realism, the story of Dm.Kostanova “Man does the Good” “Tsiyfim Ishiushi Kiodirep”, which saturating the plot conflict is again a mandatory confrontation between the hero from the war and existing in his homeland, again immersed in the Battle of Battle, reality.

He himself, who became secretary of the party organization of the collective farm, Murat, is forced to conflict with the chairman of the economy, the former front -line soldier Indris. In this case, you can draw a parallel with an ideological dispute that is actively acting in modern society: authoritarianism or liberalism? The older and more conservative indrisis, practicing the totalitarian methods of leadership, outrages and bothers Murat, who advocates more democratic methods of dialogue and an individual approach.

However, as the modern researcher notes, prof. Mamiy, “in general, the ideological plan of the story of another: wherever a person is, he must do good. The story indicates those contrasts that will gain strength in the Adyghe novels and novels of the 50s of the XX in .. But the artistic embodiment of the stated tense issues, due to the same in their task of socialist realism, is not knocked out of the boundaries of compulsory schematism.

In this case, as in the majority of works that was written at the beginning and in the middle of the last century, there is no actually felt conflict, dramatic, sharp problems of peaceful life, set by both the war and the post -war state strategy, are not rising. From a series of novels of this type in Adyghe prose, Roman DM is considered the final. Kostanov, the writer managed to draw a team of agricultural artel in bright and recognizable episodes about voluntarism in the economic leadership of the “White Link”.

Kostanov is trying to artistically summarize the verbose processes of the village reality, indicating the creative attitude of advanced people to work, to a sense of responsibility for Soviet activists to the people and to themselves. Based on the highest moral principles, the moral attitudes of the characters of the Communists of the Daut, Ramazan and themera here are in full.

However, modern scientists find a certain new word in the conflict in the conflict. So, prof. Shazzo says that the conflict of previous novels about the village here is presented differently: the contradiction does not arise with a bad chairman with a good party organizer, but with a good chairman with a short -sighted secretary of the district committee. However, the modern scientist also affirms the socialist assignment of the author’s prose: “The conflict, however, ends traditionally.

To the private “narrative” problem - to the idea of ​​exposing voluntarism - which should give rise to dramatic situations, the author “attracted” many other problems, and the novel grew in itself and the main ”2, p. The other, which we identified in the artistic work of D. Kostanov, the genre subgroup, in addition to the “military” and “peaceful”, which is at the junction with journalism, is the prose of “portrait”, which again visible the author’s intention to create and introduce into the masses of a positive hero, so necessary Soviet power in its totalitarian rule.

Nevertheless, both here and already at the end of the last century DM. Kostanov still managed to get around the officialdom and state his thoughts emotionally. Sometimes this happened in relation to an object personally familiar to the author. That is exactly what happened during the compilation and spelling of DM. Kostanov of a two -part book, dedicated to the Letniy of the Birth of the People's Poet of Adygea Tsuga Techzha.

Gathering, systematizing and forming the material available in the arsenal of the famous Adyghe Ashug, Dm. Kostanov could not remain indifferent, since he was actually a competent and responsible manuscript by the secretary of the poet. That is why the first part of the modern book of Maykop, containing poems and poems of Tsuga Techzh, acquired DM. Kostanov as "the author of preface, dictionaries and comments." The second part of the same publication contains the written DM.

Kostanov is a documentary novel dedicated to the Tsugu Tuadu “The Song Founds the Wings” Maykop, as well as the articles of various authors about the folk poet, collected and systematized by the same anniversary 4. However, mainly the heroes of the portrait works of DM. Kostanova are the characters acting in reality, which imply some journalism and outline of the author's style. Thus, the modern researcher H.

Tlepershe also attributes the “batyr” dedicated to the immortal glory of the National Adyghe hero X. Andrukhaev, and the “Tale of new people” DM. Kostanov to the story, to the story-led. Similarly, in the novel "Mos Shovgenov" Dm. Kostanova in the center of the image is a reliable personality of a real existing hero.The actual recreation of the life -saturated life of an active revolutionary in the North Caucasus is ultimately infringing on the lyrical and psychological qualities of the novel, addressed to descriptive and remote from the personal verge, which again explainably took place in the system.

As Aksakal of domestic literary criticism K. Shazzo says about this, “the principles of visibility and reporting turned out to be the most important, which caused considerable damage to the character of the hero. The conflict nodes of the novel do not reveal the natural contradictions of dramatic time, for they are not drawn through the ideas and characters of the novel ”2, p.

And therefore, we risk to some extent to try to justify our anniversary, sincerely and incorruptible to serve the Motherland both on the military front, and in the journalistic and artistic prose, but introducing his pen at least the artistic, at least the artistic impulse that the country of those years was so needed. Used literature: 1. Skhalyakho A. On the way of creative search.

Shazzo K. Artistic conflict and the evolution of genres in Adyghe literature. Mamiy R. Militut with a century. The ideological and moral guidelines and artistic searches of the Adyghe prose of the second half of the twentieth century. Technuzh Ts. Poems and poems: in 2 book. Adyghe Republican Book Publishing House, writer, literary critic, translator for the summer of the birth of DM.