Brief biography of Babel

Bibliography Biography Isaac Babel is a Soviet writer, known for the cycles of short, capacious and dispersed stories about Russia about the Civil War and the life of Jewish Odessa. His books were both in Favor and in disgrace, they were included in the school curriculum and removed from it. Nevertheless, Benya Benya Scream and the Red Army Babel today remain a realistic mirror of the country of great changes.

Childhood and youth at birth Babel received a name somewhat different from the famous: Isaac Manievich Bobel. The future writer was born in Odessa on July 12. Soon after the appearance of the youngest son, Babel left for Nikolaev. There, the future writer lived until 11 years old. The writer Isaac Babel after a while after the move older children of Babel died, and in the year the only surviving sister of Isaac was a measure of Maria.

In the year, the boy tried to enter the Nikolaev Commercial School. To do this, I had to withstand 3 exams: in the Russian language, in arithmetic and even, despite the nationality, according to the Law of God. It was not possible to do: Isaac withstood all the trials perfectly, but could not accept it, referring to the lack of free places. Later, Emmanuel Babel filed another petition for the enrollment of his son to study, and in the year Isaac was nevertheless accepted at the school.

The boy’s father was a successful businessman, and the capital earned during the years of work in Nikolaev allowed the family to return back to Odessa in the year. At the insistence of his father, who saw the successor of the continuation of the case in his son, Babel tried to enter the Odessa commercial school of Emperor Nicholas I. Isaac Babel in childhood with his father, the story came out similar to admission to the school in Nikolaev.

Isaac overcame the “interest rate” for the Jews, but was not enlisted. It was possible to start studying only from the 2nd time, a year later, which the young man devoted to home education. Moreover, the program of classes at home was even more saturated than in the school. Until 16 years old, Isaac, in addition to general educational subjects, studied traditional for a young man from a decent Jewish family Hebrew, Torah and Talmud.

Babel also studied with an outstanding music teacher Peter Stoylansky, who studied the violin game. According to Isaac himself, he was resting at school. Isaac Babel Study was given to the gifted young man easily, especially when the case concerned: by the end of the school, Babel, in addition to Russian and Yiddish, owned German, English, Hebrew and French. In the year, Babel graduated from the school, but could not count on entering the university in Odessa - there was not enough certificate of graduation from the gymnasium.

I had to part with the family, and the parents sent the young man to study at the Kyiv commercial institute. During the First World War, Isaac, due to the evacuation, had to go even further-to Saratov. By the year, he graduated from the institute, becoming a candidate of economic sciences. In a short story, the tragedy of an old half -crazy Jew, who ends with himself, unable to withstand his son’s decision to be baptized, is concise.

In the future, the Jewish theme will become the main motive for the work of Babel, although he rarely directly touched on the issues of Judaism. The writer Isaac Babel in the year Isaac, realizing that he wants to continue to engage in writing, went to Petrograd, where he entered the Petrograd Psychoneurological Institute, and immediately at the 4th year of law faculty.

He, however, did not complete this education. Babel himself wrote that in the city he was illegally. Indeed, the Jews at that time were forbidden to live in large cities outside the settings. However, the researchers later found a document of the Petrograd police, according to which Isaac Babel had the right to be in the capital while studying at a university. Attention to young talent managed to attract - but not the one I would like.

The content of the stories was regarded as doubtful, and Babel himself was threatened with a court for pornography. The writer saved the revolution of the year. In the year, Babel, having managed to fight in the First World War and deserting from there, returned to Petrograd and got a job in the Foreign Department of the Cheka to the post of translator. During this period, biographies were printed in the “New Life”, and in the year Isaac managed to become a member of the Civil War.

Mikhail Koltsov entrusted the young writer, and Babel as a military commissar went to the 1st Horse Army. Even a photo has been preserved, where the great military leader and the future great writer are in one frame. In order to fight with weapons in his hands, I had to go to the tricks: the secretary of the Odessa Regional Committee Sergey Ingulov straightened the documents in the name of Kirill Vasilyevich Lyutov, Russian by nationality.

The memories of this time formed the basis of the almost popular works of Babel in the USSR - a collection of stories "Konarmia". The publication of Konarmia began in the year, first in the form of the “Konarmey Diary” - notes that Babel conducted during the service. And immediately after the release of the book in print, she became the object of serious discussions.Isaac Babel and Sergey Eisenstein the reason for the ambiguous perception of the work of Isaac Emmanuilovich was that his prose was not very similar to typical Red Army agines of the Civil War.

A striking example of this is the stories “Salt” and “Letter”, honestly describing how unexpected, it would seem, moral and ethical attitudes are blocked in the war: soldiers brutally kill a woman, father cuts his son, the son executes the father. The frankness of Babel and his unwillingness to embellish the truth, no matter how bloody it was, appreciated by colleagues in the writer's workshop.

The colossal success was waiting for Konarmia in the West. But the government and the military "Konarmia" did not like categorically: Semyon Budyonny and Clement Voroshilov found stories outrageous. Friendship with Maxim Gorky saved the writer’s opal, who zealously defended the creativity of Isaac before the powerful of this world. Alexander Dovzhenko and Isaac Babel in the middle of X Babel began working on his second great difficulty, the Odessa Stories cycle, which gave the reader a literary version of the bandit of Mishka Japanchik - Benya Crick.

In order to reliably describe the well -thought -out, the writer decided to completely plunge into the atmosphere of stories. To do this, Babel rented a room on Moldovan at the old Jew, who helped the bandits as a gunner. The second source of information was the official bodies: Isaac Emmanuilovich was allowed to familiarize themselves with the materials of the criminal investigation department.

Yuri Shumsky in the role of Beni Scream Subsequently, the brightness of the images of “Odessa stories” caused the repeated film adaptations of the history of the Japanese cry: from the silent film of the year to the musical shot in the year.

In the year, Babel released the play “Sunset”, staged by 2 theaters, and in M ​​published the play “Maria”. The novel “The Great Krinitsa” and the story “Jewish” failed to add - the author prevented the arrest and execution of the author. The personal life of Isaac Babel was stormy: he was de facto married three times and had three children. In addition, rumors stubbornly associated the writer with Evgenia Hayutina, the wife of the People's Commissar Nikolai Yezhov.

The girl’s father collaborated with Emmanuel Babel, but his daughter considered the daughter with Mesalliance and categorically did not approve. Nevertheless, Isaac and Eugene were combined in a marriage in the synagogue, according to all the rules of Judaism. The marriage eventually turned out to be unsuccessful: tired of her husband’s constant betrayal, Eugene in the year immigrated to France, from where she no longer returned.

After the departure of his wife, Isaac got together with Tatyana Kashirina, the artist of the Vsevolod Meyerhold theater, the first -born of Isaac was born in the year, named after his father Emmanuel. Isaac Babel and his family soon went up, and Babel left for France, where he again got down with Eugenia. In the year, Gronfine gave birth to her husband’s daughter Natalie.

Kashrina married, and her husband Vsevolod Ivanov officially adopted Emmanuel, giving him the name Mikhail. In the future, the couple did not allow the boy’s communication with the biological father - that his dad is Babel, Mikhail learned only at 20 years old. He could not finally establish relations with Eugenia, Babel, returning to Russia, met the young Antonina Pirozhkov.

The marriage with her was also actual: according to the traditions of the revolutionary time, the relations of Isaac and Antonin did not. In the year, the couple had a daughter Lydia. The arrest and death of the large figures of the USSR from Triumph to Opala at the end of the 10th was often short. In the middle of the year, Babel was appointed a member of the editorial council of the State Publishing House of Fiction, and on May 15, he was arrested.

The accusation was standard for those years - anti -Soviet and terrorist activity. Manuscript materials seized during arrest are considered irrevocably lost. The writer was forced to stipulate himself and recognize the connection with the Trotskyists. Although earlier, even during the time of Henry, he was interested in what to do during the arrest - and the head of the NKVD explained to him that in no case should not be guilty.

The sentence was carried out the next day. The cause of the death of the writer was a bullet wound. The monument to Isaac Babel in Odessa Antonin Pirozhkova was not informed about the writer’s execution, notifying that Isaac Babel was serving a deadline without the right to correspondence. Up to a year, the woman believed that her husband was alive, and wrote letters with a request to facilitate his punishment.

In the year, Babel was posthumously rehabilitated, and in M ​​the writer's work ceased to be forbidden and again became classic of Soviet literature. Quotes are Gedali, ”I say,“ today is Friday, and the evening has already come. Where can I get a Jewish cake, a Jewish glass of tea and a little this retired god in a glass of tea? .. There are a tavern nearby, and good people traded in it, but they no longer eat, they cry there ...

“Gentlemen,” Mr. Trottibern told us, and mention my word, the children must be done with their own hands ... ”. Revolution is a good work of good people. But good people do not kill. So, evil people make the revolution. ” What does such a dad think about? He thinks about drinking a good stack of vodka, about giving someone in the face, about his horses-and nothing more.

You want to live, and he makes you die twenty times a day. What would you do in the place of Beni Scream? You would not do anything. And he did. Therefore, he is the king, and you hold the figure in your pocket ”bibliography.