Biography of Sholokhs Pictures

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. His Peru owns the epoch -making novels “Quiet Don” and “Raised virgin”, as well as a number of other works, including “Don stories”, “They fought for their homeland”, “The fate of man”. Most of the author’s creations were successfully filmed by famous directors. It was considered illegitimate, since the mother and father were not married.

Anastasia Danilovna, as an orphan against the will, was married to the son of the Stanichnaya Ataman Kuznetsov. Later, she left her husband and went to Alexander Mikhailovich. In an autobiography, Mikhail told about his parents from year to year: his father is a ranger, a native of the Ryazan province, and changed his profession until his death. He was sequentially “aim” by a cattle buyer, sowed bread on a purchased Cossack land, served as a clerk in a commercial enterprise of a farm, managing a steam mill, etc.

Mother - a semi -nurse, semi -observation. I learned literacy when my father took me to the gymnasium, so that, without resorting to my father’s help, to write letters on my own. She and I and I had the earth up to a year: she is like a Cossack’s widow, and I, as a Cossack son, but in the year my father, Sholokhov, adopted me before that he was not married with my mother, and I began to be considered the “son of a tradesman”.

When Misha was five years old, the family moved to the Kargin farm. Alexander Sholokhov went to the service of the local merchant. To teach his son literacy, he invited a local teacher Timofei Mrykhin.

At the age of seven, the boy immediately went to the second grade of a ministerial primary school in Kargin. Then his father took him to Moscow, where Misha studied for a year at the Shelaputin male gymnasium, and then he was transferred to the Bogucharsky gymnasium of the Voronezh province. During his studies, young Sholokhov began to write her first notes and stories, which the teacher of literature read out loud for all students and praised Misha for his talent.

In an autobiography, Sholokhov wrote from year to year: in the year, when the occupation German troops approached this city, I interrupted classes and went home. After that, he could not continue the teaching, since the Don region became the arena of a fierce civil war. Before occupation by the Don region, the Red Army lived on the territory of the White Cossack Government. Since the year, that is, from the moment of the final establishment of Soviet power in the south of Russia, I, being a fifteen -year -old teenager, first acted as a teacher to eliminate illiteracy among the adult population, and then went to food work and, probably inheriting the desire for a constant change of profession, managed to study a fair amount of specialties in six years.

He worked as a statistics, a teacher at a lower school, a loader, food inspector, a mason, an accountant, a clerical worker, a journalist. For several months, being unemployed, he lived on meager funds, obtained by the temporary work of the laborer. All the time he was intensely engaged in self -education. Sholokhov also recalled how “he was chasing gangs that dominated the Don ...

Everything went as it should. I had to be in different bindings, but this is forgotten for these days. ” By gangs, Mikhail had in mind the Old Man Makhno, to whom he once was captured with a landfill. Then they were released, perhaps because of the youth of the leader. Sholokhov later tried to continue his studies in Moscow at a rabfak, so that later he could go to the university.

But Sholokhov was not accepted - he had neither a direction nor a Komsomol ticket. To feed himself, he worked as a loader. The first work of luck for the young man was his entry into the unification of novice writers “Young Guard”. In the fall of the year, the first feuilleton of the novice writer was published in the newspaper “Youth Pravda” under the heading “Testing the case of the life of one county in the Dvinsky Region” and signed “M.

Then Mikhail took several stories according to various editions and was waiting for an answer. He received him from the poet Alexander Zharov, who advised to work on the story stubbornly. At that time, ”said Zharov,“ I was no longer joking - twenty years, and Sholokhov is only nineteen; Isn't it at that age this is not sufficient reason to be patronizing about the younger brother? In addition, Sholokhov looked completely a boy: thin, timid, shy.

And I was a “leading poet” in the newspaper, the secretary of the group “Young Guard”. My duty was to identify young talents. I saw Sholokhov’s talent, but also saw his inexperience, I wanted to help him at the first steps of his literary work, to attract to our group. Soon, in the publication of “Young Leninets”, Sholokhov’s story “Mole” was printed, followed - “Nahalenok”.

But the publications did not regularly, the editors were in no hurry to print a novice author. Having lived for some time in Moscow, Mikhail decided to return to the small homeland, where his real ascent to the heights of literary art began.Before leaving, Sholokhov wrote a letter to Mark Kolosov, which was the best expressed his mood and plans, judging by your words, in my story “Beasts”, in addition to the title and end, everything is good, I could not fix it, I did not have the opportunity to title the story “Okrprodrodkomissar Bodyagin”, cut the end to the next lines, which describes the place where Tislenko and Bodyagin were killed.

You did not understand the essence of the story. I wanted to show them that a person, in the name of the revolution, who killed his father and was considered a “beast” of course, in the eyes of a slobbering intelligentsia, died through the fact that the child saved the child, the boy, rode away. That's what I wanted to show, but maybe it didn’t work out for me. Nevertheless, I warmly protest against the expression "neither yours nor ours." The story definitely shoots at the target.

Read it entirely by the editorial board, and there you can already redo it at your competent discretion, nevertheless pressing my author’s “I”. That's all I wanted to tell you. The fact is that if you do not accept the story and send me a fee in the province, then I will be deprived of the opportunity to come back to Moscow, I have money-damn it! You would have provided me with a huge service if you put the story, and sent the money by mail besides, do not forget to snatch at least 10 minutes for me a month.

The preface to the book was written by the famous author of the “Iron Stream” Alexander Serafimovich, who watched an original talent in the young author. Their first meeting in the House of Soviets was the key to many years of friendship. Serafimovich lovingly called Sholokhov the “Cossack”, and Mikhail never forgot who was the first to support him in the desire of writing and helped to finally reach his path.

A novice writer brought from Moscow several signal copies. More than others, the father of Michael was touching the debut, which was later told by Sholokhov’s wife: the books were read. Misha was embarrassedly silent. He was terrible curious what his father, Alexander Mikhailovich, would say. Father was moved to tears. He hugged Misha and said: “Serafimovich himself blessed!

Now I can die calmly, I see that you have found your job. Learn, work. The good word Serafimovich must be justified. ” Father suddenly died two weeks later, which became a big blow to Mikhail. In the same year, he and his family settled in the village of Veshenskaya, the center of the former, still so fresh in memory, Cossack uprising. According to Sholokhov, he began to work on the “Quiet Don” back in the year, initially calling the work “Donishchina”.

But it was in the Veshenskaya writer that he finally decided on the plot: ... initially I did not think to expand him so widely. The task was attracted to show the Cossacks in the revolution. I began with the participation of the Cossacks in the campaign of Kornilov on Petrograd, the Don Cossacks were in this campaign as part of the Third Horse Corps, I began from this, I wrote sheets of 5-6 printed ones.

When he wrote, he felt: something was not clear for the reader-why did the Cossacks take part in the suppression of the revolution? Does it look for readers of a certain Terra Incognita? Therefore, I threw the work I started. He began to think about a broader novel. Sholokhov worked on the work painstakingly and intensely. Gathering the material, he traveled to Moscow, Rostov, Novocherkassk.

He studied the history of the Cossacks, folklore, searched for the necessary newspapers, maps of hostilities, met with eyewitnesses. The writer studied memoirs, met foreign, even White Guard sources. The prototype of the protagonist, Grigory Melekhov, mainly became the Cossack Harlampius Ermakov, with whom the author of the novel communicated a lot personally. Mikhail Alexandrovich sent the first book to the October magazine in the year.

Serafimovich, a responsible editor, fell ill, and the editorial board reacted to the beginning of the novel by biased: they say, the author is too young, too much text. Responsess was taken by Serafimovich. Despite the disease, he read the manuscript and called the editorial office with the words: “To print completely! The publication of the first book was the effect of an exploding bomb: letters flew to the editorial office of October from all over the country.

Even abroad, they paid attention to the young writer, comparing him with the classics of great Russian literature. Maxim Gorky wrote praise. At the time of the release of the first part, Sholokhov was 22 years old. For more than ten years, Mikhail Sholokhov went to four books of the Pacific Don. More painfully, he accepted the accusations of plagiarism.

Being in Moscow on a business trip, he wrote in a letter to his wife you cannot imagine how far this slander has spread against me!