Lomonosov biography online

Lomonosov, on his character. One of the large and multi -water rivers of Russia, the North Dvina has long served as a convenient trade route leading to the only Russian sea in those days. This is the abundance of Darovaya, the spontaneous power of movement and the sea, which opens free access to the western states of Europe, and determined, so to speak, the direction, which was to be carried out almost all of our initial exported trade.

It is clear how this circumstance was supposed to affect the increase in the population along the shores of the Dvina. As it approaches the White Sea, the river is increasingly expanding, crushes into branches, sleeves and tributaries and forms many large and small islands; At the same time, the number of villages, villages and cities everything grows and grows.

Some of them were built by the natives, the first inhabitants of the Dvina land, while others were built by immigrants from domestic Russia, mainly Novgorodians. Several centuries have passed since the founding of some of these settlements. So, for example, against the city of Kholmogor lies on the Dvina Island, called Kurostorov; A plan of places adjacent to the Kurostrovsky volost - the homeland of Lomonosov.

An engraving on the drawing of N. The detail, under this name it is already found in the judgment of the year and will remain forever memorable for every Russian, since Lomonosov was born here. The engraving by E. Fessar - H. Bortman, an increase in the number of settlements, which we just mentioned, is explained, on the one hand, extensive demand for working hands for shipping, unloading and loading goods, and on the other with fish and salt fishing at sea, attracting many of the inhabitants of these places: salt barnings in the north.

Engraving of the second half of the XVII century. The Far North led a very significant trade in salt and fish with Novgorod, Moscow and other cities. The benefits of trade and crafts forced residents to put up with the harsh climate and miserable nature of these places. Arkhangelsk the aforementioned partners is nothing tempting for any superficial observer.

This is a fairly large but low island, and in floods it almost flooded by the different dummy; Low swampy bumps and low hills are scattered everywhere, pulled by moss from top to bottom; Between them lie, as if immersed in eternal naps, non -drying swamps with dirty water; Neither the forest nor the grove is visible throughout the island, only in some places a miserable, curved, like sick, birch sticks out in some places, and a continuous and stuntarous Ivnyak grows along the coastal outskirts, leaning over the smoothly moving waters of the river.

There is nothing here on which the observer's eye could be happy to stop. Nevertheless, a long row of gray log huts and villages stretches almost along the entire low -end and sandy shore of the Kurostrov - and here there is a quiet, invisible, but stubborn and continuous struggle for existence. One of these villages is called in a written Denisovka, and in colloquial-a swamp.

From here, because of the Ivnyak, you can see the Dvina Kholmogora with their old churches on the left bank of the Dvina, and on the other side, on the right bank, just against Kholmogor, the ancient village of Vavchuga. During the time of Peter the Great, a ship's shipyard belonging to the Arkhangelogorian merchant Bozhenin was arranged in this village. When his being in Arkhangelsk, Peter repeatedly visited the rich and smart owner of the shipyard and visited him for several days.

The fact is that Lomonosov-father was not at all the usual serf peasant-worm of that time. Quite on the contrary, he had a plot of land that he owned on the rights of property. This clearly follows from the preserved merchant of the fortress, to which Vasily Lomonosov transferred one of his fields for 10 rubles for 10 rubles in full property. From these facts it is clear that the Lomonosov-father was a free, prosperous peasant, probably the richest in the entire kurostro.

When they began to collect money for the construction of a church in Denisovka, Vasily Dorofeevich did not think to donate 10 rubles, that is, the cost, as we saw, is a whole plot of land. This contribution in its significance exceeds all the others made by his fellow villagers. Thus, the father of Lomonosov should not look at a simple peasant, but as an industrialist and a merchant.

Only this wealth of his wealth and his first marriage with the daughter of Deakon Elena Ivanovna, nee Sivkova, can be explained. The year of birth of Mikhail Vasilyevich is determined in different ways. In the conference archive of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, a pack of papers is stored, among which there is a Lomonosov’s own black note, written in the first months of the year.

In this note, Lomonosov states that his age is 42 years. So, if in the year Lomonosov was 42 years old, then he was born in, and maybe in the year. Of early childhood and adolescence of Lomonosov, extremely meager information has reached us. I could not meet a single line in which Mikhail Vasilievich himself would recall his mother. It should be thought that she died when her son was only a few years old.The father married a second time to the daughter of a peasant Mikhail Uskoy.

The stepmother did not like stepson. Such difficult family conditions undoubtedly had a great influence on the emerging character of the boy. As soon as Mikhail passed 10 years, as his father began to take him with him for fishing in the White Sea and the North Ocean. This was done not only because Vasily Dorofeevich wanted to accustom his son to the sea and to raise a good fisherman and a sailor out of him, but also because his father simply needed an assistant for his work.

The boy was healthy, strong and strong, so he’s sitting at home, warming up at the stove and quarrel with the stepmother! During these difficult and long trips - four weeks in a row and more - young Lomonosov got acquainted with the majestic and harsh nature of the Northern Ocean; Moreover, he did not remain only a simple contemplator of the wild beauties of the distant north; No, very often the father and son were forced to enter into a fierce struggle with the raging ocean, in the struggle, which could end only either the victory over the formidable element, or the death of both of them.

It is very likely that in the memory of Lomonosov a picture of his distant wanderings with his father on the stormy sea, when he wrote in a year in a year for an accession to the throne of Peter III:.