Biography Ernst Mach
In the year he entered the gymnasium of Benedictines, but a year later he was expelled as “mediocre” and continued to education in the family again.
He studied physics, philosophy, mathematics at the University of Vienna, defended the dissertation of Uber Elektrische Entladung Unci Induktion,, with the city of Max, is a privat-domestic physicist without salary at the University of Vienna, the physiology of the Uber das Sehen von Lagen physiology is addressed here Und Winkel Durch Die Bewegung des Augens, from G. C to MAKh - rector of Prague German University.
He was in close friendly relations with I. Breer, with whom he studied the functions of the vestibular apparatus. He acted as an irreconcilable opponent of O. Acting member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences. Research, in a philosophical plan, Mah defended the position of positivist functionalism, declaring freedom from metaphysics and based on the principles of empirical verification of theoretical provisions, the descriptivity of scientific laws and the maximum simplicity of conceptual constructions.
All facts of reality must be observed, and therefore the concept of atoms, in particular, should be discarded. The physics of I. Newton, the absolute space, time and movement, Mah contrasted his relativistic ideas about these categories as subjectively determined. In Mah, he formulated the idea that both the physical and mental has the same substrate - “neutral experience”, which consists of “elements of experience”.
He proposed an approach to mental life as a system of sensations and their associations. Sustainable and functionally connected in space and time of sensation complexes of flowers, tones, various degrees of pressure, etc. The task of philosophy and psychology, as Mach understood it, is to search for indecent elements at the moment, such as a color, form forming in total certain objects.
A special class of sensations or memories of them are sensations associated with a living body of mood, feelings designated as “I”. A similar positivist interpretation of the “I” category then influenced W. James's teachings of consciousness and the main postulates of behaviorism, and also with enthusiasm was perceived by the Viennese impressionists G.
Bar, R. conducted experimental studies of visual, acoustic and motor perception, in particular, invented an experimental situation to analyze the perceived movement, when the test subject's eyes were fixed using pieces of soft putting Analyse der EmpfmDungen and Das Verhalet. He investigated motor illusions using the so -called “Mach drum” constructed by him, and latent braking - using the “Mach strips”.
Kondakov I. Illustrated Dictionary. And outfit. Jena,; Die Erkentnis und Irrtum. Literature: Engelmeier P. Theory of physical knowledge E. History of psychology. Berlin,