Ivan Petrovich Turgenev Biography

In it, the flame is hidden - there is no salvation! A delight, similar to fright, you - froze! .. Polonsky from the very evening, when the “Seville Barber” was given, the heart of Ivan Turgenev forever belonged to the talented Frenchwoman: “From the very moment I saw her for the first time, from the fatal minute I belonged to her all, this is how the dog belongs to its master ...”.

The rapprochement of the novice writer and the young actress was contributed to the husband of Polina, Louis Viardot. Soon Turgenev became entered into the make-up of the Polina, along with a certain general, the count and son of the director of the imperial theater. Each of the “boyfriends” was supposed to occupy Mrs. Viardo with stories during the interval. Turgenev easily overshadowed his rivals.

In addition, he volunteered to teach Polina the Russian language. Two weeks later, she performed a Russian song in the scene of the music lesson for Rosina “Seville Barber”. The St. Petersburg public fell at her feet. The meetings became daily. The writer carried his love through decades, everywhere and always he tried to follow her, without violating her freedom.

Turgenev’s deep attachment to Pauline Viardo cannot be called ordinary love, it was the union of two creative people. He was attracted to her by a rare wealth of nature, a brilliant mind, internal subtlety and artistic talent. He closely monitored the development of the talent of a young actress, shared his thoughts about how the technique of her game should have been improved. Many years later, on his birthday, Turgenev will write a letter from Spassky-Lutovinov in French: “My dear and good Madame Viardot!

How are you doing? Do you often think about me? There is no day that your cute image does not arise before me, no night so that I do not see you in a dream. Today is my birthday. On the future Tuesday, it has been seven years old since I was with you for the first time. And I am joyful to tell you, seven years later, that I have seen nothing better than you in the world, that meeting you in my path was the greatest happiness of my whole life, that my devotion and affection for you will have no boundaries and die with me.

God bless you a thousand times! I ask him about this on the knees and prayerfully with his hands. You are all that is the best, noble and sweet to me on Earth what I see you now - stay forever in my memory! The last inspired sound fell from the lips - it is an open secret, here it is, here it is immortality! There is no other immortality - and do not. At that moment, you are immortal and let me be a participant in your immortality, dropping my glorification of your eternity in my soul!

Paris, London, Baden-Baden, again Paris ... The writer dutifully followed his lover from the city to the city, from the country to the country: “Ah, my feelings for you are too great and powerful. I cannot live away from you, I must feel your intimacy, enjoy it. The day when my eyes did not shine for me - Lost Day. ” The compatriots who visited Turgenev abroad were surprised at his condition: “I never thought that he was able to love so much,” wrote Lev Tolstoy after meeting with his friend in Paris.

Turgenev named his illegitimate daughter in honor of his beloved. Ivan Sergeyevich almost forgot his homeland, having finally angry his mother. Varvara Petrovna dreamed that her beloved offspring would fit, marry a young noblewoman and give legal grandchildren. Pelagia, the daughter of Ivan, Varvara Petrovna did not complain, saw a serf in her, and the writer loved and spared her.

In the city, the conversation with Varvara Petrovna ended with the fact that Turgenev was deprived of inheritance. He took his daughter and sent her to her lover in Paris. She reconciled her son and mother only the death of the last in the city of Viardot accepted the 8-year-old savage benevolently and with family feelings for Turgenev. A few years later, the illiterate peasant girl through the efforts of Polina turned into Mademoiselle Polinett, who was well-drawing and writing letters to her father exclusively in French.

Viardot's family became part of Turgenev’s life: “Fate did not send me my own family, and I was attached, became part of a foreign family, and it accidentally fell that it was a French family. For a long time, my life has intertwined with the life of this family. They look at me not as a writer, but as a person, and among her, I am calm and warm to me. ” Spasskoye-Lutovinovo in the city of Ivan Turgenev responded to the tragic event by an necrologist, but in St.

Petersburg, upon command of the chairman of the censorship committee Alexei Musin-Pushkin, they refused to publish him. The newspaper Moskovsky Vedomosti newspaper dared to place a note by Turgenev. Censor did not forgive disobedience. Musin -Pushkin called Gogol a “lackey writer”, not worthy of mentioning in society, besides, he saw a hint of a secret ban in the necrologist - not to remember Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov in the open press.

The censor wrote the report to Emperor Nicholas I. Ivan Sergeyevich, who was under suspicion due to frequent trips abroad, communicating with Belinsky and Herzen, radical views on serfdom, brought to the even more anger of the authorities.In April of the same year, the writer was put into custody for a month, and then sent to the estate under house arrest. For a year and a half, Ivan Turgenev was without a trace in Spassky, for 3 years he had no right to leave the country.

Turgenev’s fears about the ban on censorship for the release of “Notes of the Hunter” were not justified by a separate book: a collection of stories previously published in “Contemporary” was published. For the allowing to print the book, the official Vladimir Lvov, who served in the censorship department, was fired. The cycle includes the stories “Bezhin meadow”, “Biryuk”, “singers”, “county doctor”.

Separately, the novels did not pose a danger, but the collected together were anti -consumer in nature. Ivan Turgenev wrote both for adults and for children. The prose writer gave the little readers fairy tales and observations-observations “Sparrow”, “Dog” and “Pigeons”, written in a figurative, rich language. In rural solitude, he created new works.

His books have gained more and more popularity. Ivan Sergeyevich created the story "The City Courtyard". In the same year, Ivan Turgenev wrote “Mumu”, one of his most famous works. Their heroes are naive and exalted idealists who fail in their attempts to bring benefits to society or gain happiness in their personal life. Criticism called them "superfluous people." Thus, the creator of the new type of hero was Ivan Turgenev.

His books were interesting to their novelty and relevance of the problems. Noble nest in October G. Turgenev to the publisher N. Panaev is the first mention of the novel "Noble Nest". Ivan Sergeevich planned to finish the work by the end of the year, but did not implement his plan. All winter the writer was seriously ill, and then destroyed the first sketches and began to invent a new plot.

Perhaps the final text of the novel is significantly different from the original. In December, Roman made a huge impression on Russian society. He immediately became so popular that the “noble nest” was considered in almost a bad tone. Even Turgenev admitted that the work was a very great success. The novel is based on the writer's thoughts about the fate of the best representatives of the Russian nobility.

The author himself belonged to this class and perfectly understood that the "noble nests" with their atmosphere of exalted experiences gradually degenerate. It is no coincidence that Turgenev gives the novel the genealogy of the main characters. On their example, the writer shows that in various historical periods there were significant changes in noble psychology: from “wild bastard” to admiration for all alien.

The great -grandfather of Fedor Ivanovich Lavretsky is a cruel tyrant, the grandfather is a disastrous and bakery hackney of Voltaire, his father is Angloman. The main character of the novel himself has many similar features with Turgenev himself. He is honest, sincerely loves his homeland, seeks rational use to his abilities. Beded by the power -loving and cruel aunt, and then according to the peculiar “Spartan system” of his father, he acquired heroic health and harsh appearance, but kind and shy in nature.

Lavretsky is difficult to communicate. He feels gaps in his upbringing and education himself, so he seeks to fix them. Compositionally, the novel "Noble Nest" was built straight. Its foundation is the story of the unfortunate love of Fedor and Lisa. The collapse of their hopes, the impossibility of personal happiness echoes the social collapse of the nobility as a whole. Before meeting with Lavretsky, Lisa did not often think about her fate.

The official groom Panshin did not cause much rejection of the girl. After all, the main thing, in her opinion, honestly fulfill your duty to the family and society. This is the happiness of each person. The culmination of the novel is Lavretsky’s debate with Panshin about the people and the subsequent scene of Lisa’s explanation with Fedor.