Biography of Rus

Prince Oleg is the years of government: Oleg was the successor, the son of Rurik, Igor, who, during the life of the Grand Duke, married the Pskovite Olga. He conquered the Uglichi, pacified Drevlyans, made two campaigns on Tsargrad. The first campaign was unsuccessful, since the Greek commander Theophanes attacked Russian ships and began to throw into them, through pipes, the so -called Greek fire, burning on the water.

This fire made a terrible impression on them, they attributed their failure to him. During the second campaign, the Greeks offered Igor Mir. He announced this to his squad. The squad spoke out for peace. The following year, a new agreement was written with the Greeks, but less profitable than under Oleg. This contract was fastened with a mutual oath.

The squad of Igor consisted of pagans and Christians. The first, along with Igor, went to the hill on which the idol of their god Perun stood, where they made their oath. Christians swore the name of the Christian God in the Cathedral Church of Elijah. Igor’s squad began to grumble that he did not care about her, since in the last years of his reign Igor did not go for tribute, but sent Sveneld’s noble husband, why the prince's squad was impoverished, as the prince shared a tribute with his squad.

Igor obeyed his combatants and went with them to collect tribute in the land of the Drevlyans, whom he had overlapped with an enhanced tribute. However, he was not happy with this, but wanted to take another double tribute, for which he was killed by the Drevlyans. His reign lasted 32 years. For the first time in Rus', the Pechenegs appeared in his reign, who began to bother with their raids not only the southern limits of Rus', but also Kyiv itself was in danger from this people.

The first appearance of the Pechenegs is recorded in the annals under the year. Prince Igor is the years of government: Olga, Igor’s wife, wisely the rules for the little flight of his son Svyatoslav. Having revenge on the death of her husband, she pacified Drevlyans, burned their city Korosten, near which her husband was killed. After that, she imposed a big tribute to Drevlyans.

Going around, accompanied by a squad and young Svyatoslav, conquered tribes, Olga created the court and reprisal and the tribes subject to her with the right tribute. She left the memory by the people as the first Christian in a grand -ducal family. In the city of Elijah, and in Constantinople went to worship the shrines and to obtain a blessing from the Patriarch. Returning to Kyiv, Olga and Svyatoslav and Svyatoslav adopt Christianity, but the young prince refused all the exhortations of her mother, saying: can one accept the new covenant so that my squad laughed in home.

Olga died, passing Svyatoslav a reign to the principality during her life. She was buried in a Christian rite. Contemporaries called her wisest wives. With his stern life, from a young age, he brought up a habit of labor and hardships. He defeated the Volga Bulgarians, and then went down the river, won the Khazar, then went to the Caucasus won Yasov and Kosogov, after that he conquered the Vyatichi and imposed tribute to them.

Glory about him spread far and, at the invitation of the Byzantine emperor Nikifor Foki, he headed against the Danube Bulgarians and conquered their land and established himself in the Pereyaslavts. During the absence of Svyatoslav, the Pechenegs invaded his possession; Svyatoslav returned from Bulgaria and drove the Pechenegs. After the death of his mother Olga, he divided the Russian land between his sons Yaropolk Kyiv, Oleg the Drevlyansk land and Vladimir Novgorod and went to Bulgaria, but the Byzantine emperor John Tsimishiy, after a stubborn struggle, forced Svyatoslav to retire from Bulgaria.

Returning with the remnants of his squad to Kyiv, he was killed by the Pechenegs at the Dnieper thresholds. The Grand Duke Svyatoslav is the years of government: - After the death of Svyatoslav, his eldest son Yaropolk began to reign. Soon between the sons of Svyatoslav Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir, discords occurred. Yaropolk went to the Drevlyansk land against Oleg and defeated his army.

Oleg fled with the remnants of his army and died. Hearing about the death of Oleg, Vladimir fled to the Varangians. Yaropolk sent his posadniks to Novgorod and thus became a unheatable ruler of the entire Russian land. Even before going to Yaropolk, Vladimir won the Principality of Polotsk, killed the Polotsk prince Rogvolad and forcibly married his daughter Rognede, who was considered the bride of Yaropolk.

After that, he went to Kyiv. Yaropolk was killed thanks to the treason of the governor of the fornication, who issued Yaropolk Vladimir. Having taken possession of Kiev, he restored the United States of G. Grand Duke Yaropolk the years of government: the first years of the reign of Vladimir were overshadowed by the cruelty of his character, the inclination of polygamy and zealous worship of the idols.

He conquered cherry Rus' or Galicia, defeated Yatvyagov, fought with stone Bulgarians. The most important matter of his reign was the affirmation of Christianity in Rus'. Vladimir decided to be a Christian. Due to a successful campaign against the Yatvyagov, he decided to bring Perun a human sacrifice, the lot fell on the son of a varangian Christian; Father did not give his son and before all the people said that their gods are not gods, but made by people, and God is one to whom the Greeks worship.Father and son were killed by a whispering crowd of pagans.

After this incident, Vladimir decided to accept a new faith. He considered it humiliating for himself to confess to the Greeks in his errors and ask the emperors of baptism: he wanted to win the faith of Christ and accept the winner with it. Having gathered a large army, he went to the Greek city of Korsun, won it and sent him to ask for the Greek emperors Vasily and Constantine, so that they would give up their sister Anna for him, threatening, in case of their refusal to go to Constantinople.

The emperors agreed, but on the condition if he accepts Christianity, and then Vladimir accepted Baptism in Korsun in the church of St. Vasily G. After baptism, the Grand Duke entered into marriage with Anna. Upon returning to Kyiv, he baptized his people. At the appointed time, Kievans came to the shore of the Dnieper, where Vladimir, accompanied by Greek priests, arrived. The rite of baptism was solemnly performed.

After the baptism in the character of Vladimir, a big change occurred: he became devout, affectionate, generously distributed alms, and the Tata Church of the Virgin in Kyiv created schools. He was in the full sense of the father of his sub-data. To protect the Russian limits from external enemies, especially the Pechenegs, he built new cities.

Vladimir lived to old age and died in the village of Berestov near Kyiv. He is buried in the title church of the Virgin. Svyatopolk declared himself the Grand Duke of Kyiv. He had the plan to kill all the brothers in order to master the whole Russian land himself. By the hands of the killers handed by him, his brothers Boris and Gleb, as well as Svyatoslav, martyr, died.

But his brother Yaroslav, gathering a large army, went against him. Yaroslav won, Svyatopolk was expelled from Kyiv fled to his father -in -law, the Polish king Boleslav, who helped him to occupy Kyiv again. Taking advantage of the quarrel of Boleslav with Svyatopolk and Boleslav’s departure to Poland, Yaroslav attacked Svyatopolk a second time and broke it on the banks of the river.

Svyatopolk fled and died in a foreign land. The Church ranked Boris and Gleb to the face of saints. The Grand Duke Svyatopolk is the years of reign: - the development of the Udelnovanny system. Yaroslav I Wise, having become the Grand Duke of Kyiv, wanted to take possession of the volosts of the deceased brothers, but met a dangerous opponent in the person of Mstislav Tmutarakanskago, known as Udivo.

He entered the struggle with him and only after 5 years he managed to conclude peace with Mstislav. They divided the Russian land into two halves, along the Dnieper; Yaroslav received the western, Mstislav - East. Only after the death of Mstislav did he manage to unite all the Russian land under his power except the Polotsk principality. Having won a brilliant victory over the Pechenegs, he forever freed Rus' from their attacks.

With him was the last sea campaign to Byzantium, which ended unsuccessfully. He settled the desert places, built the cities of Yuryev and Yaroslavl and the wonderful cathedrals of St. Sofia in Kyiv and Novgorod, distributed Christianity and literacy, founded the school in Novgorod. In his reign, the beginning of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra in the city of this prince occupied a place of honor among the modern sovereigns and with some of them was in family ties.

For his activity, he received the name of the wise. He died for 76 years. He divided the Russian land between his sons and from this time the specific system of G. was buried in Rus' in Kyiv in Russia in Russia in the church of St. Horus more details after Yaroslav the Wise Grand Duke, Izyaslav Yaroslavich, whose reign of internecine wars began. The first troubles began the outcast Rostislav Vladimirovich.

The eldest son of Yaroslav, Vladimir, died during the life of his father and his son Rostislav, who did not receive from his grandfather Yaroslav no volost and was not pleased that he was given by the sons of Yaroslav, gained a squad and expelled Prince Gleb, Svyatoslav’s son, established himself here, but was poisoned by the Greeks. Gleb Svyatoslavich again took his place.

After Rostislav, the sons of Volodar and Vasilko remained. In the year, a new nomadic people - Polovtsy appeared in the south of Russia. They occupied the southern steppes and opened raids in Russian areas. Izyaslav tried to repel enemies, but suffered a severe defeat. Kyivians would have fought with the Polovtsy a second time, asking Izyaslav to give them weapons and horses, but Izyaslav opposed this.

This refusal quarreled him with the people of Kiev, his house was looted, and he fled to Poland. The Kyiv throne was occupied by Svyatoslav, who kept him until his death.