Biography a Merezhkovsky

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. Along with Zinaida, Gippius and Valery Bryusov stood at the origins of Russian symbolism, was a translator and literary critic, historian and public figure. Ten times nominated for the Nobel Prize in the field of literature, was distinguished by radical views on the political situation in the country and in the world, for which he was more than once subjected to sharply.

Father, Sergey Ivanovich, was a senior official of the office of the court department, resigned as a secret adviser. Varvara Vasilievna, the daughter of the city chief police chief, gave birth to a total of nine children-six boys and three girls. The philosopher himself admitted in his notes that his mother loved him, the youngest, most of all. The boy was about seven years old, when he almost died of diphtheria, but his mother managed to go out.

A child Merezhkovsky with his brothers loved to play “savages”, having read the novels of Main Read and Fenimore Cooper. In the summer, the family lived in the country, and there was plenty of places for such games. In winter, they moved to the old Baurov a house located opposite the summer garden. The apartment was official, two -story, with many rooms. The children walked past the father’s office on tiptoe.

Father did not manage to build a spiritual connection with his offspring. He often went on business trips, leaving children in the care of the old housekeeper - the Revel German Amalia - and the old nanny. It was the nanny who taught Merezhkovsky to prayers, telling him the lives of saints. Some biographers of the poet believe that at that time the religious fanaticism, with whom he went in a third classic gymnasium, was laid down in the susceptible soul of the boy.

If anyone recalled Dmitry’s kind, then only the teacher of Latin Kessler, the rest of the teachers called careerists who forced the children to recover lessons.

The boy was unsociable and shy, so he had almost no friends at school. A little later, he began to communicate with Evgeny Solovyov, a future critic. At about thirteen, Dmitry began to compose poetry, imitating Alexander Pushkin. In the last classes of the gymnasium, he organized the Moliere Circle, after which all his members were called to the police station for interrogation. Merezhkovsky managed to avoid the arrest and expulsion thanks to the position of his father.

Dmitry continued to write poems that his father was very proud of, showed friends. Once he drove his son to Fedor Dostoevsky. A teenager, pale and stammered, read his poems to the writer. But the Dostoevsky work of Merezhkovsky criticized, saying: "To write well, we must suffer." At the end of the gymnasium, Merezhkovsky entered the University of St. Petersburg, at the historical and philological faculty.

In his student years, he was carried away by French literature and positive philosophy - Spencer, Mill, Darwin. Around the same time, he met with a reels, with whom he argued a lot about religion. Merezhkovsky’s thesis was the composition of the philosopher Montain. After graduating from the university, Dmitry already knew for sure that he would devote himself to literature and research.

He also began to earn a living with translations. The personal life of Dmitry Merezhkovsky graduated from the university, in the year Merezhkovsky published his first collection of “Poems”, which brought him success. He went on a trip to the Caucasus when he met a spectacular novice poetess Zinaida Hippius. In absentia, they were already known to each other, but at a meeting they felt some mystical mental unity.

A year later, the couple married in the church of Mikhail Archangel, they played a modest wedding in Tiflis, after which they went to St. Petersburg. The family of two creative personalities often caused gossip in society: the young wife flirted with the writers, artists, poets surrounding her, the husband seemed to not notice the hype that arose in the literary bomonda when Zina appeared.

Contemporaries noticed how different they were even externally: the low, dressed in old -fashioned clothes Merezhkovsky, and “seductive and elegant” gippius. Soon rumors about the numerous novels of Hippius and male failure of Merezhskovsky began to spread. But the couple did not seem to notice the leisure gossip. Only a few close people knew how strong and indestructible the spiritual connection between spouses was.

It is known that the spouses had different bedrooms, and in more than half a century of life together there were no intimate relationships between them. Their mutual love was higher than bodily intimacy. Husband and wife could have been enjoying intellectual conversations with each other for hours. Nevertheless, Merezhkovsky was also not a faithful wife in a physical sense, sometimes he started novels on the side, for example, with Elena Obraztsova, Lyudmila Vilkina.

Each time, a scandal arose, Hippius immediately exposed unlucky admirers from the house. From a year, publicist Dmitry philosophers lived in their house, which gave rise to a lot of new rumors. Zinaida Nikolaevna was accused of unworthy behavior, shameless not only her, but also her husband. But the philosopher of women was not interested at all, and he considered Merezhkovsky as his teacher.Be that as it may, Dmitry Sergeyevich lived with his wife for more than fifty years, without parting for a single day.

Literary activities to arrive in St. Petersburg in the year Merezhkovsky began to cooperate with the Northern Herald, where his drama Silvio was published. In the same period, the publication “Russian Thought” published the poem “Faith”. The house in which Gippius and Merezhkovsky lived became the center of unity of writers, philosophers, public figures. The writer released the first collection of his verses in the year, calling him simply - “poems”.

A few years later, the second poetic book “Symbols. Songs and poems. " For a long time, Merezhkovsky could not publish his first novel from the trilogy “Christ and Antichrist” under the name “The Death of the Gods. Julian is the apostate, ”but in the end he was placed in the“ northern messenger ”in the year, albeit in a slightly cut -out form. A few years later, the novel was published in France and brought Merezhkovsky fame in Europe.

Merezhkovsky and Hippius entered the circle of Sergei Diaghilev, thanks to which he began to publish his works and critical articles in the magazine “World of Art”. Later he began to write for other publications, including for the journal “Beginning”, where the first chapters of his historical novel “The Risen Gods were printed. Leonardo da Vinci. " Dmitry Sergeevich noted that in Russian literature he was met unkindly, and he promoted his works with difficulty, criticized and persecution of the editorial offices.

Nevertheless, the entire trilogy was published: the second part of it was dedicated to Leonardo da Vinci, the third - the relationship between Peter the Great and his son Alexei. The historical novels of the writer were especially popular in France - they were reissued almost every year. Along with his wife, Merezhkovsky was one of the first symbolists, to which Valeria Bryusov, Konstantin Balmont, Innocent Annensky also ranked.

The writer supported the revolution of the year: by this time, he was convinced that the monarchy in Russia - “from the Antichrist”, greeted the introduction of civil freedoms and believed that the revolution did not contradict Christian teachings, but on the contrary, proceeds from it. At the beginning of the year, Merezhkovsky, Gippius and the living philosophers voluntarily left for Paris, where they spent two and a half years.

In France, the Trinity intended to release the anti -Samo -containment journal Anarchy and Theocracy, but failed to find a sufficient number of authors, but in the year a collection of articles in the French language “Tsar and Revolution” was released, and B - the play of Makov Color inspired by the revolution of the year. In the year, Merezhkovsky began to write the play “Paul I”, which laid the foundation for the new historical trilogy “The Kingdom of the Beast” later included the novels “Alexander I” and “December 14” welcoming the February revolution of the year, the Merezhkovsky subsequently perceived the October Socialist Revolution, calling it the triumph of the “supramiric evil”.

He made anti -Bolshevik lectures, their apartment and his wife became a haven for the conspiracy meetings of the Socialist Revolutionaries. In the year, Merezhkovsky and Hippius emigrated. After a year of crossings, they settled in Paris, where they created the literary and philosophical circle "Green Lamp". In Paris, he worked on the book “The Birth of the Gods. Tutankamon in Crete ”, which was published in the year.

In the thirties, Merezhkovsky wrote his religious and philosophical creations “The Secret of the West: Atlantis-Europe”, “Jesus Unknown”, novels “St. One of the last large works of the writer is the book “Dante”, which he received the money for the Italian government Benito Mussolini. The death and memory of Dmitry Merezhkovsky on December 9, the Russian writer, philosopher and poet suddenly died from hemorrhage into the brain.

Only a few people came to say goodbye to Merezhkovsky, and after the funeral of Zinaida, Gippius began to live a recluse, trying to write his biography. His work, philosophical views and literary heritage are studied by experts. Literary readings of the works of the author are held for memorable dates, and in the television project “more than love” to the family relations of Zinaida Nikolaevna and Dmitry Sergeyevich, the release of one of the programs was devoted.

Dmitry Merezhkovsky wrote his first critical article at the age of thirteen. It was a cool essay - a review of the “Word about Igor's Regiment”. When a Russian language teacher and literature named Mokhnachev put a five to the teenager, he, according to him, felt such an author’s pride that he had never experienced again later. I remembered the young Merezhkovsky on March 1.

He walked on the dining room back and forth, composing imitation of the Qur'an in verses. Suddenly a servant ran and talked about a strong explosion on the Marse Field. When his father came home, pale and upset, Dmitry found out about the attempt on the sovereign. The parent, what was the strength, scolded the nihilists, the elder brother Konstantin, the Yarny Nigilist himself, began to intercede for them.

Father furiously kicked him out of the house and did not communicate with his son for several years.Mother fell ill with grief, her husband did not want to hear about reconciliation. Dmitry never managed to forgive his father, considering him a culprit in the premature death of his mother, whom he loved selflessly. Merezhkovsky spoke very sharply about Bolshevism, socialism and the Soviet Union.

He was so negative about the Bolsheviks who came to power that, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he performed on the radio in support of Adolf Hitler, seeing a fighter with a communist system. He called the attack on the USSR "a feat", "a holy crusade against Bolshevism." This short performance cost Dmitry Sergeyevich very expensive: society turned away from him and his wife, although Hippius discouraged him from such an act.

He was never forgiven for the support of the Nazi dictator. In an emigrant society, he was branded by Germanophil, he was in social isolation.