Bulgakovs early biography

It is not surprising that it was in the year that one of the most mysterious Russian writers was born. We are talking about Mikhail Afanasevich Bulgakov - director, playwright, mysticism, author of scripts and the libretto of the opera. The story of Bulgakov is no less exciting than his work, and the literature team takes the courage to prove it. Birth and childhood M. Bulgakov's birthday - May 3 15.

The father of the future writer, Afanasy Ivanovich, was a professor at the Spiritual Academy of Kyiv. The family often staged performances, plays for which Michael composed. Since childhood, he loved the production, vaudeville, space scenes. Bulgakov’s house was a favorite meeting place for the creative intelligentsia. His parents often invited eminent friends who had a certain influence on the gifted boy Misha.

He really loved to listen to adult conversations and willingly participated in them. After graduating from her in the year, he became a student of the medical faculty of Kyiv University. The material condition of the future writer influenced the choice of the profession: after the death of his father, Bulgakov took responsibility for a large family. His mother got married again.

All children, except Mikhail, remained in good relations with a stepfather. The eldest son wanted to be financially independent. He graduated from the University of the year and received a doctor’s diploma with honors. During the First World War, Mikhail Bulgakov for several months served as a field doctor, then received a place in the village of Nikolsky of the Smolensk province.

Then some stories were written, which later included in the cycle "Notes of a young doctor." Because of the routine of the boring provincial life, Bulgakov began to use drugs available to many representatives of his profession by the genus of activity. He asked him to transfer him to a new place so that the drug addiction would be implicit for others: in any other case, the doctor could deprive the diploma.

A devoted spouse helped to get rid of adversity, who secretly diluted a narcotic substance. She in every possible way forced her husband to leave a bad habit. In the year, Mikhail Bulgakov received the post of head of the branches of the Vyazemsky city zemstvo hospital. A year later, Bulgakov and his wife returned to Kyiv, where the writer was engaged in private medical practice.

Dependence on morphine was defeated, but instead of narcotic drugs, Mikhail Bulgakov often consumed alcohol. Creativity at the end of the year Mikhail Bulgakov joined the officer detachment. It was not established whether he was called up as a military doctor, or expressed a desire to become a member of the detachment. Keller, deputy chief commander, dismissed the detachments, so that he did not participate in the fighting then.

But already in the year he was mobilized into the Army of the UPR. Bulgakov escaped. The versions regarding the further fate of the writer diverge: some witnesses claimed that he served in the Red Army, some - that he did not leave Kyiv before the whites. It is reliably known that the writer was mobilized into the Volunteer Army then he published a feuilleton “future prospects”. The Kyiv events were reflected in the works “Extraordinary Adventures of the Doctor”, “White Guard” should be noted that the writer chose literature as the main lesson in the year: having completed the service in the Vladikavkaz hospital, he began to write for the Caucasus newspaper.

Bulgakov’s creative path was a thorny: during the period of the struggle for power, an unfriendly statement addressed to one of the parties could end in death. The genres, topics and problems in the early twenties Bulgakov wrote mainly works about the revolution, mainly plays, which were subsequently put on the stage of the Vladikavkaz Revkom. Since the year, the writer lived in Moscow and worked in different newspapers and magazines.

In addition to feuilletons, he published individual heads of stories. For example, “Notes on the Cuffs” saw the light on the pages of the Berlin newspaper “The day before”. Particularly many essays and reports - - printed in the Gudok newspaper Bulgakov was a member of the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers, but his art world was not dependent on the ideology of the Union: he wrote with great sympathy about the white movement, about the tragic fate of the intelligentsia.

Its problems were much wider and richer permitted. For example, the social responsibility of scientists for their inventions, a satire on a new way of life in the country, etc. In the year, the play “Days of the Turbins” was written. She was a deafening success on the stage of the Moscow Art Academic Theater. Even Joseph Stalin appreciated the work, but still, in every thematic performance, he focused on the anti-Soviet nature of Bulgakov's plays.

Soon the writer's work was criticized. Over the next ten years, hundreds of sharp reviews have been published. The play “Run” about the civil war was forbidden to set: Bulgakov refused to make the text “ideologically correct”. In gg. But emigrants studied the key works of Bulgakov with interest. He wrote about the role of science in human life, about the importance of the correct attitude towards each other.

In the year, the writer reflected on the future novel “Master and Margarita”.A year later, the first edition of the manuscript appeared. Religious topics, criticism of Soviet realities - all this made the appearance of Bulgakov's works on the pages of newspapers impossible. It is not surprising that the writer seriously reflected on moving abroad. He even wrote a letter to the government in which he asked either to allow him to leave, or to give the opportunity to work calmly.

Philosophy The idea of ​​the philosophy of the master of the printed word gives the most famous works. For example, the story “Deviliad” describes the problem of “little people”, which classics so often addressed. According to Bulgakov, bureaucracy and indifference are a real devilish power, and it is difficult to resist it. The already mentioned novel “White Guard” is in many ways an autobiographical character.

This is the biography of one family, which ended up in a difficult situation: civil war, enemies, the need to choose. Someone believed that Bulgakov was too loyal to the White Guards, someone reproached the author for the loyalty of the Soviet regime. The story “Fatal Eggs” tells a truly fantastic story of a scientist who accidentally deduced a new type of reptile. These creatures constantly multiply and soon fill the whole city.

Some philologists argue that in the image of Professor Persikov, they reflected the figure of biologist Alexander Gurvich and the leader of the proletariat V. Another famous story - “Dog heart” is interesting that in the USSR it was officially published only in the year. At first glance, the plot is satirical in nature: the professor transplants a human pituitary gland to the dog, and the dog ball becomes a man.

But is it a person? .. Someone sees in this plot a prediction of future repression. The originality of the style is frank fiction and real socio-political problems. However, its fantastic elements are always an allegory on similar phenomena that actually happen. For example, the novel "Master and Margarita" unites a variety of genres: from parables to farce. Satan, who has chosen the name Woland, once arrives in Moscow.

He meets people who receive punishments for their sins. Alas, the only force of justice in Soviet Moscow is the devil, because officials and their henchmen are stupid, alcoholic and cruel to their fellow citizens. They are real evil. Against this background, the love story of a talented master unfolds, but after all, a master in E. Only mystical intervention saved the creators from faithful death in a crazy house.

For obvious reasons, the novel was published after the death of Bulgakov. The same fate was waiting for the unfinished “Theater Roman” about the world of writers and theateraries and, for example, the play “Ivan Vasilievich”, the film based on which is watched to this day. The character of the writer friends and acquaintances considered Bulgakov simultaneously charming and very modest.

The writer was always polite and knew how to move in time "into the shadow." He possessed the talent of the narrator: when he managed to overcome shyness, all those present listened only to him. The character of the author was based on the best qualities of the Russian intelligentsia: education, humanity, compassion and delicacy. Such is his buying characteristic of his brilliant creation.

The family had to face a lack of money. The first wife of the writer is the prototype of Anna Kirillovna the story “Morphiy”: disinterested, wise, ready to support. It was she who pulled him out of the narcotic nightmare, along with her he passed the years of devastation and the bloody perch of the Russian people. But a full -fledged family did not work out with her, because in those hungry years it was difficult to think about children.

The wife suffered very much from the need to do abortion, because of this, the attitude of the Bulgakovs cracked. So it would have passed time if it were not for one evening: Bulgakov was presented in the year. She had connections in the world of literature, and the White Guard was published not without her help. Love became not just a friend and a comrade, like Tatyana, but also the muse of a writer.

This is the second wife of the writer, with whom the romance was bright and passionate. In the year, he met Elena Shilovskaya.