Olesha biography

Latest news biography Russian Soviet writer and poet, playwright, satirist and cinema-specificist Yuri Olesha gave the world the novel “Three Fat Men” and dozens of other surprisingly melodious works put on the theatrical stage and that laid down in the foundation of artistic paintings and animated films. Childhood and youth, beloved by millions, the writer was born in the year in Elisavetgrad now Kropyvnitsky.

Olesha is old, its roots have been traced from the 15th century, from the boyar Olesha Petrovich, to whom the specific prince Fedor Borovsky transferred to the possession of the village of Gentelnoye, which was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland today Belarus. Orthodox Olesha Petrovich polonized and moved to Catholicism. Yuri Olesha two centuries after the division of the Commonwealth of the land crossed the Russian Empire, and Olesha became the Belarusian nobles, leaving the Polish communication language.

The father of the future writer - Karl Olesha - was an excise official and landowner: he owned the forest estate, which was called "Yunity".

Karl and his brother - avid gamblers - sold the estate for debts. In scraps of children's memoirs, Yuri Olesha remained on trotches, life in a luxurious apartment and scandals due to paternal dies and late returns from clubs. Later, Olesha will write that "clubs are one of the main words of my childhood." Mom Yuri is a talented artist and beauty Olga, who was called Raphael.

In childhood, Yuri Olesha with his sister Vanda Yuri lived in Elisavetgrad for the first 3 years, then the family moved to Odessa. The boy was engaged in the upbringing of a grandmother in Polish. The petty -bourgeois family of Olesha accepted the revolutionary events wary. The arrival of the rebellious battleship “Potemkin” caused the horror and expectation of the inevitable end of the prosperous former life.

At the age of 11, Yuri became a student of the Richelian gymnasium. The young ironic gentry in the classroom was afraid: to get into the field of attention of the ulcerative Olesha meant to become the laughing stock of the entire gymnasium for a long time. Even then, the boy possessed an incredible imagination and aptly put it. Yuri Olesha, in his youth, wrote the first rhymed lines in Yuri Olesha in high school.

In the Odessa “Southern Herald”, a literary debut of the young man took place: the editors took the poem “Clarimond” to the seal. In M, Yuri Olesha received a certificate of maturity and entered the University of Odessa, choosing a law faculty. The literature who did not accept the revolutions by the relatives of Yuri immigrated to Poland, and he refused and remained in South Palmyra, where literary life was in full swing.

In the city on the Black Sea, literary associations arose one after another. In the 8th audience of the university, on Thursdays there were creative evenings of talented Odessa. It was placed by members of literary circles. The text of the essay was lost, but in the creative biography of the writer the play played a role: Yuri heard the first enthusiastic responses.

In M, the pearl by the sea, repeatedly passing from hand to hand, was occupied by the Red Army. The waves of refugees brought very talented people from all over the destroyed empire. The poet and prose writer Vladimir Narbut came to the city, who influenced the life of Yuri Olesha. Yuri Olesha now Odessa writers composed propaganda texts for posters and leaflets, arranged performances in working canteens, which opened in previously fashionable restaurants and cafes.

Olesha’s new one -act play “Game in the block” was seen on the stage of the theater of revolutionary satire. In the spring of GO Olesha and Kataev, they moved to Narbut to Kharkov, where the writer was entrusted with the leading of the Ukrainian radio telegraph agency. Yuri Olesha got a job at the Balaganchik Theater, but a year later the company moved to the capital.

In Moscow, Odessa player settled in a writer's house and got a job at the Gudok newspaper, on the pages of which Mikhail Bulgakov, Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov were published. The writer called the Gudkovsky period the best in life. Yuri Olesha, in the editorial office of the Gudok newspaper, Yuri served in the information department where he sealed envelopes with editorial letters: in Moscow, after the provincial Odessa, Olesha began his career from scratch.

A year later, the head of the department, having read the works of the subordinate, entrusted to write a feuilleton in verses. When asked who to sign, he advised the pseudonym “Tick”. The debut was successful. One after another, new feuilletons signed by the “chisel” appeared in the “Gudka”. Olesha materials were supplied by rabcores that wrote about theft, kum, bureaucracy and other ulcers of society in the regions.

Readers liked the whipped poetic opuses of Yuri Olesha, hundreds of responses came to them. In the year, Yuri Olesha gave readers the first voluminous prosaic essay-the novel “Three Fat Men”. It was published after 4 years. The idea of ​​writing a fairy tale arose in Yuri Olesha in the hostel “Hudkom” this is his room without furniture behind a flimsy partition Ilf and Petrov described in “12 chairs”.

In the window opposite, the writer saw the young beauty who enthusiastically read the book. The girl's name was Valentina Grunyzid. After 4 years, she became the wife of Evgeny Petrov.And then fascinated by the fairy tales of Andersen, Summer Valey Olesha, plunged into reading the fairy tale, to compose a better fairy tale than that of the Danes. In the printing house he grabbed a roll of paper and, rolled on the floor, wrote a novel at night.

The first edition was dedicated to Valentina Grunzid. The carnival fairy tale with a revolutionary plot was easily read, the fantasy and brilliant metaphors of the author delighted children and adults. In M, the fairy tale was first put on the scraping of the Moscow Art Theater. The staging is translated into 17 languages ​​and today is put on world scenes.

The fairy tale fell into the seal only after the deafening success of the second novel by Olesha, published in the year under the name "Envy". The novel about the fate of the intelligentsia after the revolution is considered the best in the heritage of Yuri Olesha. The dreamer from the "envy" of Nikolai Kavalerov, in which the traits of the author are guessed, contemporaries called the hero of the time.

In the middle of the X Abram Rom, he took off the drama "Strict young man." The book of Yuri Olesha “Envy” The loud success of the novel opened the path “Three Fully”: earlier a “revolutionary” fairy tale was not printed due to the rejection of the genre for the young socialist state. In the beginning of the X, Olesha wrote the play “Envy” of the “Conspiracy of the Feelings”, but censorship saw in it the criticism of the construction and forbade it.

The writer converted the work by calling it “list of good deeds”. In M, Vsevolod Meyerhold took the play to the theater repertoire. The production was three seasons in crowded audience halls, but soon fell under the ban: the officials again found Kramol. The writer Yuri Olesha writer fell silent for a long time. Many colleagues, Olesha’s close friends repressed, and a ban on his work.

The ban on books was lifted in the middle of X, but Olesha wrote little. These were mainly staging on the novels of the classics - Dostoevsky, Chekhov. Yuri Karlovich sat behind a glass in the restaurant of the House of Writers, where colleagues read for the honor of treating him. The writer's unspent gift is evidenced by the records of diaries collected and published after his death at the beginning of x.

Personal life by the prototypes of the girls of the Suok from the "Three Fathers" were the sisters of Lydia, Olga and Seraphim, who had the same surname. Yuri met the girls in Odessa, where the family of the former Austrian attache settled. They lived in a civil marriage for three years, but the windy muse Seraphim twice ran away from Olesha. The second time - to a friend Vladimir Narbut.

In the middle of X, the writer married the middle of the sisters - Olga, with whom he lived until the end of days. The couple did not have common children, and Yuri Karlovich brought up his son Olga from his first marriage. The death of Yuri Olesha’s life reduced the pernicious addiction to the drink. Shortly before his death, the writer, in the pockets of which the wind walked, asked his colleagues what funeral he would be awarded.

He was answered that on the last journey they were drawn in the highest category. With bitter irony, Olesha asked whether it was impossible to spend in the lower category, and give the difference in money now. The grave of Yuri Olesha died in the spring of the year. He was buried on Novodevichy. The place was taken along the "highest category" - in the front row of the first site.