Biography about Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet of the sixth planet of the solar system in the sixth of the sun. Saturn belongs to gas giants and is named after the ancient Roman god of agriculture. Saturn has been known to people since ancient times. The neighbors of Saturn are Jupiter and Uranus. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune live in the external area of ​​the solar system. It is believed that in the center of the gas giant there is a massive core of solid and heavy materials of silicates, metals and water ice.

The Saturn's magnetic field is created due to the Dynamo effect during the circulation of metal hydrogen in the outer core and is almost dipole with the northern and southern magnetic poles. Saturn has the most pronounced system of planetary rings in the solar system. Saturn at these moments found 82 natural satellites. Orbit of Saturn the average distance from Saturn to the Sun millions of kilometers of 9.58 of the astronomical unit.

Perigelius the point of orbit to the sun:, million kilometers 9, an astronomical unit. Afelia is the most distant point of orbit from the sun:, a million kilometers of 10, an astronomical unit. The average speed of Saturn in orbit is about 9.69 kilometers per second. The planet makes one revolution around the Sun over 29.46 earthly years.

The year on the planet is 09 Saturnian days. The distance from Saturn to the Earth varies from up to millions of kilometers. The direction of rotation of Saturn corresponds to the direction of rotation of all except Venus and uranium planets of the solar system. Saturn surface area is 42.72 billion square kilometers. The average density of Saturn is 0, a gram per cubic centimeter.

Acceleration of free fall on Saturn is 10.44 meters per second in a square 1, g. The mass of Saturn is 5 kilograms, which is about 95 mass of land. In the depths of the atmosphere of Saturn, pressure and temperature grow, and hydrogen goes into a liquid state, but this transition is gradual. At a depth of 30 kilometers, hydrogen becomes metal, and the pressure there reaches 3 million atmospheres.

Sustainable super -powerful hurricanes sometimes appear in the atmosphere of Saturn. During storms and storms on the planet, powerful lightning categories are observed. Polar radiance on Saturn are bright continuous oval rings surrounding the poles of the planet. The comparative dimensions of Saturn and the Earth of the Ring of Saturn is the diameter of the rings in kilometers, and their thickness does not exceed 1 kilometer.

Scientists conditionally divide the ring system of Saturn into three main rings and the fourth is more thin, while in fact the rings are formed from thousands of rings alternating with cracks. Parts of which Saturn rings consist of are 1 centimeter to 10 meters. The rings are located at an angle of about 28 degrees to the plane of the ecliptic, therefore, depending on the mutual arrangement of the planets from the Earth, they look different: both in the form of rings and from the ribs.

The study of Saturn for the first time observing Saturn in the telescope in - years, Galileo Galileo noticed that the planet looks like three bodies almost related to each other, and suggested that these were two major “companion” of Saturn, but 2 years later he did not find confirmation of this. In the year, Christians Huygens, with the help of a more powerful telescope, found out that “companions” are actually a thin flat ring that encircnses the planet and not regarding it.

In the year, the Pioneer 11 automatic interplanetary station flew by Saturn for the first time in history, receiving images of the planet and some of its satellites and opening the ring of F. In the years, the Saturn system also visited Voyager-1 and Voyager-2. During the rapprochement with the planet, a number of photographs were taken in high resolution and data on the temperature and density of the atmosphere of Saturn were obtained, as well as the physical characteristics of its satellites, including titanium.

With X Saturn, his companions and rings were repeatedly studied by the Hubble space telescope. In the year, the Cassini-Huygens mission was launched to Saturn, which, after 7 years of flight on July 1, reached the Saturn system and entered the orbit around the planet. The Huygens probe separated from the apparatus and, on January 14, went down to the surface of the titanium, taking the atmosphere tests.

Over 13 years of scientific activity, the Cassini spacecraft turned the idea of ​​scientists about the gas giant system. The Cassini mission was completed on September 15 by immersing the spacecraft into the atmosphere of Saturn. Interesting facts about Saturn Saturn is only 0, a gram per cubic centimeter, which makes it the only planet of the solar system, whose average density is below the density of water.

Due to the hot nucleus, the temperature of which reaches 11 degrees Celsius, Saturn radiates 2.5 times more energy into space than it receives from the sun. Clouds at the North Pole of Saturn form a giant hexagon, and each side of it is approximately 13 kilometers.Some satellites of Saturn, for example Pan and Mimas, are “shepherds of rings”: their gravity plays a role in holding the rings in their places due to resonance with certain sections of the ring system.

It is believed that Saturn will absorb his rings after millions of years. In the year there was a rumor that the rings of Saturn had disappeared. This was due to the fact that at the time of observation, the ring system was turned to the ground by the edge and could not be considered with the equipment of that time. Photos of Saturn Cloud of Saturn in the infrared light cloud Saturn reveals the relief of the polar radiance of Saturn in the ultraviolet light the last view of Cassini on Saturn Saturn in infrared light.