Tyutchev biography of the work

Thanks to his amazing abilities, he studied unusually successfully. But already even then it was impossible not to notice that the teaching was not labor for him, but as if satisfying the natural need of knowledge, ”Ivan Aksakov,“ Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev. The biographical essay ”is one of the first works of Tyutchev Semyon Raich gave his mentor - professor of Moscow University Alexei Merzlyakov.

Soon Tyutchev - he was then 14 years old - was accepted into the organization. The first verses of the poet began to appear in the journal "The Works of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature." In the year, Tyutchev perfectly passed exams on history, geography, and foreign languages, among which were Latin, French and German, and became a student at the faculty of verbal sciences of Moscow University.

In the year, Tyutchev dedicated the poem to his comrades "Spring Greeting to the Poems." Fedor Tyutchev in Germany Fedor Tyutchev graduated from Moscow University at the end of the year - a year ahead of schedule. To do this, he received special permission from the Minister of Education of Prince Alexander Golitsyn. There, the poet became an employee of the State Board of Foreign Affairs.

In the capital, he lived in the house of his relative, Count Osterman-Tolstoy-the hero of the Patriotic War, general. It was he who recommended that Tyutchev send to a diplomatic mission to Munich. Later, the poet wrote to his parents: “A strange thing is human fate. It was necessary for my fate to arm myself with a surviving ocher's hand in order to throw me so far from you!

In the kingdom of Bavaria, Tyutchev lived for more than twenty years - he finally returned to Russia only in the year. The poet translated the works of German philosophers and writers, including Friedrich Schiller's “Print”, visited literary evenings, corresponded with foreign scientists, wrote journalistic articles in French. In these years, the poet created a philosophical, landscape and love lyrics.

But in general, his verse is extremely independent, distinctive. ” Already in the year, a few months after moving to Munich, Tyutchev composed for Amalia von Lerhenfeld, which was in love with, the poem “Your dear gaze, innocent passion complete ...”. To avoid the scandal, he had to return to Russia for six months. The poet wrote to his parents: “I want you, who love me, to know that no one would love the other like her like her ...

There was not a single day in her life, when for the sake of my well -being she would not agree, without hesitation, to die for me.” Later they had three daughters. He invited the poet to publish. Tyutchev agreed, and his poems were printed in almost every issue. After the closure of Galatei in the year, Tyutchev was invited to cooperate with the almanac of Mikhail Maksimovich "Dennitsa".

It is known that he transmitted poetry to Moscow magazines and almanacs only thanks to the persistent requests of Raich, the Kireevsky brothers, Pogodin. In very rare cases - and only in the last years of his life - the poet’s poems fell into a seal on his personal initiative ”Vadim Kozhinov,“ Tyutchev ”from the series“ Life of wonderful people ”“ Poems sent from Germany ”: Fedor Tyutchev and the magazine“ Contemporary ”Tyutchev was very demanding on his work - he rewritten and remoded ready -made works, some of them destroyed.

He recalled: "Ah, scripture is terrible evil, it is like the second fall of the poor mind ...". His poems, even published, were little known at the beginning of X. And Tyutchev’s career was not successful - he received a small salary and lived well. In the year, the poet’s friend Ivan Gagarin returned from the diplomatic mission to St. Petersburg and found out that in Russia Tyutchev almost did not know.

Gagarin persuaded the poet to send him to a notebook with the last poems and took several unpublished works from Raich. I was delighted, delighted, and every word, every remark, especially Zhukovsky, more and more convinced me that he correctly understood all the shades and all the charm of this simple and deep thought ”diplomat Ivan Gagarin, from correspondence with Fedor Tyutchev Vyazemsky and Zhukovsky handed over works to Alexander Pushkin.

He read them and in the year printed in a “Contemporary” under the heading “Poems sent from Germany”. But the poet achieved publication with points on the site of missed stanzas. So readers of the magazine could understand: in the magazine the poem is incomplete and reduced by the decision of censorship. Despite this, critics almost did not respond to them. At the same time, Ivan Gagarin, who wanted to publish a book of Tyutchev’s works, returned to the service in Germany.

The literary critic Naum Berkovsky wrote: "Tyutchev still did not enter the literature then." In May, the poet again arrived in Russia for several months. Your lot was great and holy! .. You were the gods of alive, but with blood in the veins ... sultry blood. Eleanor Peterson and children sailed to him on a steamer. When they were not far from the German city of Lubeck, the ship caught fire.

Tyutchev’s wife and his children were not injured, but, of course, they were very scared.Eleanor Peterson, after the disaster, was very deteriorated by health. In August, she died after a serious illness. However, already a few months later, Tyutchev married again. Ernestina Dernberg became his wife. In the marriage of Tyutchev and Dernberg, five children were born. In the year, Fedor Tyutchev filed a petition to leave the service.

In Europe, he remained up to a year. In the year he met Alexander Benkendorf, the head of the third branch of his own imperial majesty of the office. Benkendorf was in charge of a detect and was the chief of the gendarmes. Tyutchev wrote to his parents: "He [Benckendorf] assured me that my thoughts were accepted quite favorably, and there is an occasion to hope that they would be given a move." Nicholas I read the writings of the poet and supported his ideas.

Tyutchev wanted to change the attitude of Europeans towards Russia and was going to publish articles on politics in famous German and French magazines. The emperor promised to support the poet and invited him to St. Petersburg to an audience. However, three days after that Benckendorf died, who patronized the poet. As Ivan Kozhinov wrote: “The death of Benckendorf, obviously, cut off the implementation of the entire Tyutchev“ project ”.

Return to Russia: “Enraging storyteller” and a publicist in the year, a few months after returning to St. Petersburg, Fedor Tyutchev again became an employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. For several years - up to a year - he stopped writing poetry. He remembered the Petersburg nobility as a good storyteller who was versed in politics and philosophy. This position did not bring a large money to the poet, and the work seemed boring and monotonous to him.

Every day Tyutchev had to look for articles on the topic of foreign policy in the press. He wrote to his parents: “If I hadn’t been the poverty with what pleasure I would throw them in the face that they pay me, and openly tore this breters with this bump ... What kind of spawn, great God! .. He wrote and printed articles in French, among which“ Russia and Revolution ”,“ Russia and Germany ”,“ Papacy and the Roman question ”.

The poet conceived a large -scale historical treatise “Russia and the West”, in which he planned to state his thoughts about foreign policy. Labor remained incomplete, although Tyutchev worked on it for several years. According to his treatises, Russia is the Great Patriarchal Empire, the support of order, the confessor of Christian impersonal and humility. The Christian idea got along well with Tyutchev with a conquest pathos, with calls for the expansion of territories, to the seizure of Constantinople, which, according to his theory, was the center of the state uniting the Slavic peoples under the rule of the Russian Tsar, "" On Russian literature ", the love lyrics and Slavophilism in the year of the poet Nekrasov was called Tyutchiev "Russian paramount poetic talent." Soon after, his old works began to appear in the magazines, and Tyutchev himself again began to write poetry and publish them.

In the beginning of the X came out “Like a smoky pillar brightens in the embroidery! A large circulation for that time - three thousand copies - were bought in a short time. Denisieva studied with them. For almost fifteen years - before Denisieva’s death in the year - Tyutchev maintained a relationship with both his legal wife and her. Denisyeva wrote: “I have nothing to hide and there is no need to hide from anyone: I am most of all his wife than his former wife, and no one in the world has ever loved and appreciated him as much as I love and appreciate him.” She gave birth to Tyutchev three children.

In the service, he received a promotion: in the year he was appointed head of the committee of foreign censorship. This institution was responsible for all printed products that were imported into the territory of the Russian Empire. During the leadership of Tyutchev, the number of books and magazines increased, and censorship softened. The poet regularly printed his philosophical thoughts in the magazines.

Tyutchev had a friendly relationship with him, they corresponded a lot. With Gorchakov, the poet shared his views on foreign policy. Tyutchev was close to the concept of Slavophiles: he believed that Russia was going along its own original path and its history is radically different from the history of European countries. Along with politics, there was also poetry, which was something related in the spiritual being of it ...

”Vladimir Meshchersky, the“ memories ”of the last years of his life with X Fedor Tyutchev was often sick. Elena Denisieva wrote to her sister: “Fedor Ivanovich fell ill and strongly: he is in bed, and no less than a week ...” In the year they had a third child - son of Nikolai. Soon after, Denisieva became seriously ill and died. Tyutchev wrote about this: “Emptiness, a terrible emptiness ...

even remember it - to call it, lively, in my memory, as she was, looked, moved, said, and I can’t. Scary, unbearable ... " Next year, two younger children Tyutcheva and Denisieva - Elena and Nikolai fell ill and died. The eldest son Fedor took the daughter of the poet Anna Tyutcheva to her. At this time, Tyutchev dedicated almost all the poems to the deceased lover, thought a lot about old age and close death.