Biography of scientists of mathematics
We talk about those whose names are well known in the international arena. Nikolai Lobachevsky Lobachevsky became a master of 19 years old, and at 24 years old - a professor. He created non -Euclidean geometry and specified the concept of a continuous function. His works, not recognized by contemporaries, were ahead of their time, changed the traditional idea of space and laid the foundation for Einstein's work.
Nikolai Ivanovich's favorite pastime was gardening. With a special trepidation, the scientist raised cedars, but believed that the fruits would not wait. The prophecy came true: the nuts were removed just a few months after the death of the scientist. Sofya Kovalevskaya is the world's first woman, who became a professor. She escaped from the house and fictitiously married the famous scientist Vladimir Kovalevsky.
The marriage opened the doors to her science: Sofya Vasilievna entered the University of Heidelberg, and then to the university, where Karl Weerstrass taught. The father of “modern mathematical analysis” did not want women to study from him, so Kovalevskaya gave the most difficult of the mathematical tasks that existed at that time. He was sure that she would never solve her, but two days later Sofya again appeared in the audience and handed him a sheet with a decision.
It turned out to be true. Surprised and delighted, Karl received Kovalevskaya to the university. After 4 years, she made a thing almost impossible for a woman of that time: she defended a dissertation on the topic “Theory of differential equations”, for which she received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Andrei Kolmogorov from his student years Kolmogorov began teaching mathematics and physics at school.
Initially, this was a way to earn money, but in the future the development of school mathematical education became the work of his whole life. Andrei Nikolaevich participated in the development of school programs, textbooks, did a lot to organize school mathematical olympiads, made a huge contribution to the popularization of cybernetics in Russia, and made the foundations of probability theory that are still actively used.
His name is a prize, a medal, an equation, asteroid, streets and even an airplane. Grigory Perelman seven millennia scientists puzzled over the Poincare hypothesis, which was eventually able to prove the Russian mathematician! After this, Perelman was very popular, but for some reason he refused one million dollars for his labors. Grigory Yakovlevich is absolutely not interested in fame, recognition and related financial well -being.
It is still considered one of the least public figures of Russian science and at the same time the only one in the Russian academic society who has entered the top ten world geniuses living now. Alexander Lyapunov Lyapunovs were Ryazan nobles and even considered themselves Rurikovich. Their sons are distinguished by various talents: Sergey became a composer, Boris - a linguist, Alexander - a mathematician.
He completed his studies with honors at St. Petersburg University and began to actively teach. For one lecture, Alexander Mikhailovich tried to explain to students not only the main program, but also the additional, as the students and colleagues said.
His pen belongs to the work “General task of the stability of movement”, which has become one of the most significant achievements of mathematics of the 19th century. Lyapunov also summarized the central marginal theorem of probabilities. The day of the number of pi is an unofficial holiday, which is celebrated by lovers of mathematics on March 14 in