Herz Biography Report

To discuss Henry Hertz-biography of Henry Hertz-an outstanding German physicist, professor of the University of Karlsruhe, a member of several scientific academies. He made a huge contribution to the study of electromagnetic radiation and other phenomena in physics. With the discoveries of the German scientist Henry Hertz, a person is faced with one degree or another daily.

It was he who deeply studied the phenomenon of dynamics and electromagnetic waves, which in the future made it possible to create such familiar objects as TV and radio receiver. The physicist was named after the frequency measurement unit, which is included in the international system of units from a year. Childhood and youth, the scientist was born in Hamburg on February 22.

His father, who had a legal education, has gone from an ordinary lawyer to a city senator. His wife was the heiress of a famous banker who opened one of the country's largest financial institutions. The future scientist was the older child of his parents. After him, four more children were born in the family - three sons and one daughter. In childhood, Henry was sick a lot, so he could not enjoy the outdoor games with his peers.

Instead, the boy spent time reading books and learning languages, which made his memory phenomenal. Already in adolescence, Herz could speak freely in Arabic and Sanskrit, which he learned independently. Herz Herz in his youth saw in his son a successful lawyer and successor of his father’s case. The young man became a student of the Hamburg Real School, where it was supposed to study the subtleties of legal science.

When physics lessons appeared in the curriculum, the interests of the young man rushed in this direction. We must pay tribute to the father with his mother, who did not begin to impose their will on him. Seeing the sincere passion of his son to scientific research, they transferred him to the local gymnasium. In parallel, the guy attended the school of crafts, where children studied carpentry, design and creation of various devices.

Having received secondary education in the year, Henry went to Dresden - to enter the Higher Technical School. In the first courses, the young man studied enthusiastically, but soon he suddenly realized that becoming an engineer is not quite what he dreamed about. The young man took the documents and went to Munich, to enter one of the most prestigious universities in the country.

The university of Hertz was accepted immediately for the second year. Having become a student at the University of Munich, Henry took up research. Having graduated from the educational institution, the owner of an inquisitive mind realized that he was still not enough for his knowledge. After thorough preparation, he went to Berlin, where he entered the metropolitan university.

In parallel with his studies, Henry worked in the laboratory of Herman Gelmholtz as an assistant. The mentor was the famous physicist in those years. He appreciated the talent of his new ward and began to pay special attention to its development. Between the researchers - young and mature - a warm friendship ensued, which subsequently grew into a scientific tandem. Scientific activity under the leadership of senior comrade Henry defended the scientific degree, becoming a candidate of sciences and a professional researcher of electrodynamics.

It was this area of ​​science that made the name Hertz immortal. In the 19th century, the magnetic and electric fields were not yet well studied. According to scientists of those years, simple fluids with the necessary inertia are responsible for the emergence and disappearance of electric current. Hertz had many doubts about this. He conducted endless experiments, trying to identify that very inertia.

Many of the experiments were unsuccessful, but there were also successes for which in the year the young scientist was awarded the Prize of Berlin University. This prize has become an additional incentive for further research for a physicist. The summer scientist used the results of experiments in the preparation of a doctoral dissertation, the defense of which took place in February.

Henry received the degree of Doctor of Sciences and a diploma of Berlin University with a commendable sheet. For some time, Herz remained within the walls of the university, engaged in theoretical research. Every month, the young man more and more clearly understood that he was more attracted to practical experiments. At the beginning of X, a certified physicist received the position of assistant professor at the University of Kil.

Six years later, Henry was erected to professors of physicists and offered work in the Karlsruhe scientific center. In this Higher Technical School, the researcher was provided with a separate laboratory, where he was finally able to engage in full -fledged experiments. The main task of the professor was a deep study of fast electric fluctuations. He was still interested in these issues at the dawn of his scientific biography.

While in Karlsruhe, Henry arranged his personal life, marrying Elizabeth Dolle. Family life did not interrupt scientific work, the scientist continued to study the phenomenon of inertia. In his works, Herz was guided by the ideas of Maxwell, who believed that the speed of radio waves should be equal to the speed of light. The researcher devoted about three years in this area.The result of the work done was the evidence of the existence of electromagnetic radiation.

At the disposal of the young physicist there was still the simplest laboratory equipment. Despite this, he managed to achieve amazing results. Hertz not only confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves, but also calculated the magnitude of their speed, reflection and refraction. For his research, the scientist received recognition in the scientific community and a number of bonuses, including: Mathechi Medtechi of the Italian Society of Sciences, the Baumgarter Award of the Vienna Academy, the Japanese Order of the Holy Treasure, the Prize of the Paris Academy of Sciences.

The world has learned a new unit of measurement of the frequency of Herz, named after the name of his discoverer. The talented scientist was accepted at the Academy of Sciences of Italy, Germany and Austria. The results of the work of Henry Hertz cannot be overestimated. Thanks to his discoveries, people were able to use a telegraph, listen to the radio and watch television.

Today, without these familiar things, our life cannot be imagined, and then it was a real sensation. Hertz's experiments forced scientists to reconsider their views on such a phenomenon as the nature of the light. For experiments in this area, Henry used an open resonator with which it was possible to make a number of interesting observations. It turned out that under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, the passage of the spark between the discharge is easier.

Simultaneously with the German physicist, this phenomenon was studied by the Russian scientist A. Stoletov, who confirmed the conclusions of his colleague.

Hertz is the discoverer of the photo effect, later Albert Einstein explained and confirmed his theory. In the modern world, this phenomenon is widely used in a wide variety of technology. So, the photo effect is used for the work of photocells that help to receive electric and solar energy. This principle of operation is especially relevant in conditions where access to standard energy sources is impossible, for example, in space conditions.

Photo elements help to reproduce the sound recorded on the film. The professor devoted some of the scientific biography to meteorology. So deep as electromagnetic waves, Herz did not investigate this area, but here he made a number of interesting discoveries. The scientist was engaged in this topic in Berlin, working under the leadership of the Helmholtz.

Most of all, the scientist was glorified by electrodynamics works. At the beginning of X, he published two scientific articles considering the contact mechanics. In the scientific community, these works caused a huge resonance. Here, the author presented his conclusions regarding the mechanics of the continuum and the theory of elasticity. Modern scientists have somewhat revised this theory, but its basic principles remained unchanged.

The creation of the crooked radio receiver became the forerunner of the invention of the dipole antenna. For the manufacture of this device, the researcher used an inductance coil in combination with spherical capacitors, in which an air zone for a spark was provided. Henry placed the radio receiver in a dark box so that the spark was visible better. Soon, the scientist came to the conclusion that in a shaded box, the spark length decreased significantly.

To solve this problem, the inventor removed the glass partition between the source of electromagnetic radiation and the receiver itself. Thus, the length of the spark was leading to an optimal indicator. Herz himself did not manage to explain his discovery to the end. With the development of science, scientists managed to answer the questions remaining unresolved for the discoverer. Thus began the "wireless era", which gave mankind many useful devices and devices.

Physicist experiments with an electromagnetic field have made clarity into such phenomena as polarization, reflection and refraction, and also allowed to determine the speed of electromagnetic waves. In M, Henry examined the passage of cathode rays through aluminum foil. Later, the “Ray effect” was in more detail by the ward of Hertz Philip Lenard. He also developed the theory of a cathode tube and deeply studied the passage of various matters with x -rays.

They may be familiar.