Biography of Stalin links

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich of the battle and victory combines during the Great Patriotic War the state and military leadership in one person, Stalin equally bears responsibility for defeat and losses - and can be considered the creator of the Great Victory. Since June 30, since July 19, the Generalissimo of the Soviet Union Hero of the Soviet Union Activities for the preparation of the country for war: industry, army, international affairs in the interwar period, the activities of Stalin as the head of the Soviet state were largely determined by the tasks of strengthening the foreign policy positions of the USSR and creating economic, industrial and technical foundations for the country's defense in the event of involving the new world war.

The key decision of the Soviet government, adopted on the initiative and with the direct participation of Stalin, was a course on the implementation of the forced modernization program. After the shocks of the revolution, the First World War and the Civil Wars, Russia was in incredible backwardness and devastation. The scale and sharpness of the problems facing the country was well aware of not only all representatives of the Soviet ruling elite, but also by politicians and analysts of the West.

Stalin formulated the task facing the country as follows: “We lagged behind the advanced capitalist countries for years. Either we will run this distance in 10 years, or they will doubt us. ” In e gg. Gross industry products for the production of gross products of engineering, oil production and production of tractors of the USSR took first place in Europe and the third in the world; For coal mining, cement production - the third in Europe.

In the city, to increase the survivability of the economy in case of war, special importance was attached to the accelerated development of industry in the eastern regions of the country. Despite the enormous employment of Stalin as the actual head of the party and the state, he personally thoroughly delved into the main issues of creating new weapons and technical equipment of the Red Army.

Among other things, this made it possible to accelerate the development of new samples of military equipment, primarily tanks of T and KV and aircraft Yak-1, MiG-3, LAGG-3, IL-2, Pe-2, as well as anti-aircraft guns and other types of weapons. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, Stalin hatched extensive plans for the radical transformation and increase of the combat power of the Red Army and the Navy, designed for several years to come.

Unfortunately, the war found our country and its armed forces in the stage of reorganization, re -equipment, retraining of the army and navy, creating state reserves and mobilization reserves. Moreover, many potential opportunities were not rationally used. In general, in the pre -war period, the Soviet Union was carried out a huge leap in industrial development and strengthening of defense potential.

It is inherent in the x. As the war showed, the created system had great survivability and potential, the mobilization of which in the first period of the war, after the most severe defeats, the occupation of a significant part of the territory and the loss of material and human resources, allowed the country in the GG. As the head of the state, Stalin also directly dealt with foreign policy issues.

Before the war, it was necessary to create favorable foreign policy conditions for the defense of the country. On the initiative of Stalin in the beginning of the xg. This policy greeted the opposition of those circles in the West who counted on the clash of the USSR with Germany, first encouraging Hitler's revenge, and then pushing him to the east. In addition, the strengthening of the Military Union of Germany and Japan, which threatened the prospect of their joint military speech against our country, was a great danger to the USSR.

Before the conclusion of the Munich agreement, G. after the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia, the defeat of the Republicans in the war with fascism in Spain, as well as in the conditions of an undeclared war with Japan, military conflicts near the lake. Hassan and p. Khalkhin-Gol The expediency of this foreign policy was called into question. However, in gg. Stalin and Molotov managed to conclude agreements on non -aggression with Germany and neutrality with Japan to split the unified front of potential opponents and stay away from the Second World War that had begun in Europe.

The creation of the anti -Hitler coalition during the Second World War became the greatest diplomatic victory of Stalin, which largely predetermined the course of the Second World War. Zhukov: “Go to the bet, to Stalin, say with cards, on which there were at least some“ white spots ”, it was impossible to inform him of estimated, and even more exaggerated data. Stalin did not tolerate answers at random, demanded comprehensive completeness and clarity.

He had some kind of special flair on weaknesses in reports and documents, he immediately discovered them and strictly collected them from the guilty. ” Zhukov: “In strategic matters, Stalin sorted out from the very beginning of the war.The strategy was close to its usual policy of politics; And the more direct interaction with political issues the strategy issues, the more confident he felt in them ...

His mind and talent allowed him to master the operational art so much that, causing the front commanders and talking to them on topics related to the operations, he proved himself to be no worse, and sometimes better than his subordinates. At the same time, in some cases, he found and prompted interesting operational solutions. ” Zhukov: “I. Stalin owned issues of front -line operations and led them with full knowledge of the matter.

He knew how to find the main link in the strategic situation and, having clutched behind him, to opposition to the enemy, to carry out one or another offensive operation. Undoubtedly, he was a worthy supreme commander in chief. In addition, in ensuring operations, creating strategic reserves, in organizing the production of military equipment and, in general, I.

Stalin, which is necessary for the front, I will say, proved to be an outstanding organizer. And it will be unfair if we do not give him tribute for this. ” The unification of the political and military leadership, the mistakes and lessons of the initial period of the war since the war began to cover all aspects of the state of the state, the unification in some hands of political and military power was considered one of the conditions favorable to the most complete mobilization of all the economic, moral and military capabilities of the state for warfare.

The desire for this or another manifested itself in all states during the periods of the First and Second World Wars, including the United States and England. In our country, before the Great Patriotic War, certain decisions were not made to organize the military-political leadership of the country and the armed forces in wartime. It was assumed that the leadership would be carried out approximately with such a division of functions as during the Civil War, when the head of state Lenin, heading the council of labor and peasant defense and the government, did not take on, nevertheless, the functions of the People’s Commissar of Defense and the Commander -in -Chief of the Armed Forces.

Therefore, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the People's Commissar of Defense formally became the commander in chief of the armed forces. But since without the knowledge of Stalin no important decision could still be made, he soon officially took the position of not only the chairman of the defense committee, but also the People's Commissar of Defense and the Supreme Commander -in -Chief.

Such centralization of the authorities had positive aspects, as it allowed to concentrate the efforts of the state in the interests of the front. How did Stalin dealt with the duties of the head of state and the Supreme Commander -in -Chief on the eve and at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War? It seems that his activity during this period was the most unsuccessful and predetermined later many other miscalculations and mistakes.

New operational and mobilization plans were not approved and put into effect in return for obsolete and not corresponding to new conditions. As G. Zhukov wrote, “... I had a huge faith in Stalin, in his political mind, his foresight and the ability to find exits from the most difficult positions. In this case, in his ability to evade the war, to push it away. Anxiety gnawed at the soul.

But the faith in Stalin and the fact that in the end everything will come out exactly as he suggests was stronger. ” Since Stalin was not able to figure out the essence of the enemy’s misinformation measures, many necessary orders and orders on the eve of the war were not given or entered the troops late. For the armies of the border districts, the invasion of the Wehrmacht on the morning of June 22, the incompleteness of measures for the mobilization and strategic deployment of the Red Army led to a series of heavy defeats in the summer of the city, the General Staff, without receiving reliable data and not sufficiently representing the state of affairs at the front, often gave orders that did not correspond to the current situation.

In these conditions, it was especially important that the bet and personally Stalin show exposure and self -control. This was generally succeeded, although the correct operational-strategic decisions were not always in an acute environment. In July, the General Staff came to the conclusion that the German command, most likely, would not continue the offensive in the Moscow direction, and direct the main efforts to defeat our Central Front.

The head of the General Staff G. Zhukov reported to Stalin that if this happened, the enemy would get the opportunity to go to the flank and rear of the South-Western Front, and offered to withdraw the troops over the river. Stalin at that moment did not agree with such an assessment of the situation, how can Kyiv be left? The fears of the General Staff were confirmed-in September, German troops surrounded the four armies of the South-Western Front, inflicting another severe defeat.

At the same time, despite the deep advance and seizure of vast territories up to 1.The rate was able to mobilize and preparation of reserves that played a decisive role in battles near Leningrad, Smolensk and Moscow. Stalin played a major role in the mobilization of forces and means, the creation of reserves for the defense of Moscow. So, one of the first decrees of the GKO signed by Stalin on the day of its creation, already on July 3, was an order to seize the winter uniforms and equipment from the warehouses of the Transbaikal and Siberian military districts and transport them to the central part of Russia.

And the fact that he remained in the Kremlin to the end and found the courage to conduct G. Vasilevsky on November 7: “It is necessary to write the truth about Stalin as a military leader during the war. He was not a military man, but he had a brilliant mind. He knew how to penetrate deeply into the essence of the matter and prompt military decisions. ” Vasilevsky: “If Stalin was dissatisfied with something, and in the war, especially at its beginning, there were many reasons for this, he could scold sharply and unjustly.

But during the war, he changed noticeably. To us, the employees of the General Staff and the main departments of the People’s Commissariat of Defense, the commanding of the fronts, began to treat more restrained, calmer, even when something happened was wrong at the front. Meeting him became much easier than before. Apparently, the war, its turns, our failures and success have influenced the character of Stalin.

” Vasilevsky: “I had good relations with N. Khrushchev in the first post -war years. But they changed dramatically after he did not support his statements that I. Stalin did not understand operational-strategic issues and unqualifiedly led the actions of the troops as the Supreme Commander. I still cannot understand how he could say this. As a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Party and a member of the Military Council of a number of fronts, N.

Khrushchev could not know how high the authority of the bet and Stalin was in matters of conducting military operations. He also could not but know that the commanders of the fronts and armies were greatly respected, Stalin and appreciated them for the exceptional competence of the leadership of the armed struggle in my deep conviction, I. He successfully carried out the fronts and was able to have a significant impact on the leading political and military figures of the allied countries in the war.