Biography of Francis Beecon

To view this lecture, it is necessary to log in on the site to view this lecture, you need to log in on the site 0 0 1. My name is Artem Petrovich Besedin. This additional episode will be devoted to the biography of Francis Bacon. Francis Bacon is an English philosopher. He was born on January 22. The father of Bacon was Nicholas Bacon, the keeper of the Great Royal Press.

Nicholas Bacon belonged to the so -called new nobility - the categories of people who can be compared with service people in Russia. These are nobles who received titles, wealth and estates precisely as a result of the service of the monarch, and not inherited them from their ancestors. The situation of this kind of nobles and aristocrats was not yet quite stable.

This is partly illustrated by the career of Bacon. He came from a famous and rather rich family, belonged to the "golden youth", but this did not guarantee him automatic success. Throughout his life, Bacon was forced to earn money with his own work. The mother of the philosopher was Anne Cook, the daughter of the famous English humanist of that time - Anthony Cook. She was very well educated, owned ancient languages.

It was the mother who instilled in Bacon at an early age the love of humanistic philosophy, the philosophy of the Renaissance. When Bacon studied at the Cambridge Trinity College in-75 years, love for the philosophy of Renaissance affected his training. He did not very willingly perceive the university program inherited from the Middle Ages, like Aristotle's philosophy. A negative attitude to scholasticism will be reflected in his philosophical writings.

In the year, young Francis Bacon left Cambridge. His further career was predetermined: Francis was supposed to enter the Grace-Inn lawyer collegium, in which his father studied. The lawyer colleges that existed in England at that time and existed so far, represent the traditional form of the organization of lawyer communities. This is a kind of lawyer's workshop like other workshops widespread in the Middle Ages.

There, lawyers studied, and worked, and talked with each other, exchanging experience. These “Inns” had their own long traditions, and only a member of one of these colleges could get the right to advocate activities. However, Bacon did not immediately enter Grace-Inn after leaving Cambridge. For some time he generally left England to Paris with the Emias Paulet embassy.

Bacon performed some instructions, for example, transmitted correspondence. There is evidence that he even brought letters to the Queen Elizabeth personally. However, his father dies in the year. Bacon returns to England and goes to study in Grace-Inn. After the death of his father, he needed to determine what he would do in life. Francis was the youngest child, so most of the inheritance went to his older brother.

And Bacon decides to connect life with politics. Since the year, he has become a member of the House of Commons from Cornwall, and in parliament he remained for 37 years. At first he was in the House of Commons, later became a member of the House of Lords. Bacon conducted very active activity at this time. We must not forget that he continued his career as a lawyer, consistently climbing the stairs of lawying positions.

In England, this system is quite complicated, there are many different levels of lawyers. Bacon gradually and quite successfully reached them. He was a very active member of the parliament, which was influenced by legal education and great talent. Bacon enjoyed attention from Queen Elizabeth. This is not to say that this was a patronage. The fact is that in the year Bacon suddenly ended up in opposition to the crown, one might say, even became the leader of this opposition.

He spoke in parliament against the decisions that Elizabeth proposed. Of course, she was extremely unhappy with this, but at the same time continued to use Bacon's consultations as a lawyer. Indeed, Elizabeth appreciated this person for his legal knowledge. As the late secretary of the philosopher William Rowley wrote, the man who met his death and systematized the manuscripts, "although the queen encouraged him with his generous smile, she never encouraged him with the generosity of her hand." Nevertheless, it cannot be said that Bacon had absolutely no patrons.

He made friendship with Earl Essex. However, it turned out that the choice was not entirely successful. In years, Essex tried to somehow help Bacon achieve an improvement in financial situation and social status. Indeed, Bacon's problems were not so small. At some point, he even went to jail for debts. Essex gave him a small estate. But all attempts to somehow advance Bacon further encountered failures.

Firstly, having embarked on the Queen’s opposition, Bacon himself spoiled his career. Secondly, after an unsuccessful attempt to suppress the uprising in Ireland, Essex suddenly found himself at the center of the conspiracy against Queen Elizabeth and was executed. During the process, Bacon himself acted as one of the prosecutors, as he received such an assignment from the queen.Everything changed when Jacob I, who had previously been a Scottish king, ascended to the throne.

He turned out to be much more favorable to our philosopher. He immediately, in the year, made him in knights, and Bacon's career went uphill. In the year, Bacon will marry Alice Barne. In becomes a general general, and in the year-General Atornei. These positions can be compared with the posts of the Prosecutor General or Minister of Justice, these are really very high state bureaucratic posts.

As a result, in the year he receives the position of Lord Chancellor-the highest civil position in England. In parallel, Bacon begins to receive titles. In the year, he becomes Baron Verulamsky, in the Viscount Saint-Albanian. But then his political career suddenly breaks off. The fact is that the time I am talking about was extremely stormy. It was during the reign of Jacob I that the seeds of those problems that would later lead to the English revolution and civil wars were sown.

Yakov himself was constantly on the trip. He often left for Scotland and left the board close to the board.

In fact, for some time Bacon ruled England. However, Yakov’s favorite was a completely different person, the notorious Duke of Bekingham, who was distinguished by extreme conceit and other negative character traits. Bekingham received significant income from trade monopolies that existed at that time in England. In the year, Yakov dismissed the parliament due to the fact that he did not support his next legislative undertakings.

However, in the year the king tried to introduce new monopolies, and for this he needed to collect the parliament. Instead of simply agreeing with the king’s proposals, the parliament began an investigation into corruption. I must say that the situation was rather tense and threatened with popular unrest. And the Lord Chancellor was simply appointed by the scapegoat.

Bacon quickly realized that he could not get out of the situation. He was liable for almost all episodes of corruption that took place since the year. He justified himself as follows: “As for the bribery and gifts of which they accuse me, when the book of my heart opens, I hope that they will not find a muddy fountain of a spoiled heart, corrupted by the custom to take a reward to deceive justice.

Nevertheless, I can be morally unstable and share the abuse of time. And so I decided: when I have to keep an answer, I will not deceive my innocence, as I already wrote to the Lord, engage in hooking and idle talk, but I will tell them the language that my heart tells me, justifying myself, softening my guilt and sincerely admitting it. ” So Bacon protects himself, saying - yes, he took, but who in our time does not take bribes!

It is he who turns to the Lords, about which many things also know very well. Of course, Bacon’s victim was brought in order to save Bekingham. The Lords were quite harsh and awarded Bacon a very large fine, 40 thousand pounds. They ordered him to take into custody. However, Bacon never paid the fine, and I stayed in Tower for less than a week. The only punishment that followed this scandal was the ban on Bacon to occupy public office.

He was not even deprived of titles and personal property. Therefore, he spent the rest of the days quite safely, engaged in philosophizing. In recent years, Thomas Hobbes became his personal secretary for some time. Hobbes performed a very specific function under Bacon: the Lord Chancellor had such a habit-he philosophized during walks. Hobbes had to constantly follow him, and when Bacon spoke some kind of aphorism, to record it immediately.

Actually, the secretary of Bacon was, as I said, William Rowley, and it was to him that we owe to preserve the manuscript heritage of Bacon. The history of the death of a philosopher is associated with a famous joke.