Composition of Ostrovsky biography

Born on April 12, in this area, the playwright spent his young years, and the house where he was born has existed to this day. The grandfather and mother of A. Ostrovsky belonged to the spiritual estate.

Mother, Lyubov Ivanovna Ostrovskaya in the girlishness of Savvina, brought up four children. Father - Nikolai Fedorovich, graduated from the Theological Academy, but became not a priest, but a judicial official. The career of Nikolai Ostrovsky went uphill, he received a noble title, devoted himself to private practice and lived on income from the provision of services to rich merchants.

Several estates were included in his property, and he moved to the Kostroma province, to the village of Shchelykovo to the final of his work. A great part in the upbringing of little Sasha was taken by her mother’s grandmother - Natalya Ivanovna, aunt Tatyana Fedorovna Gilyarova, as well as the nanny Avdotya Ivanovna Kutuzova. From childhood, he heard bright and sonorous speech with proverbs and sayings, songs and jokes that his works will be so rich in.

There is evidence that the fairy tale about the girl Snegurochka Alexander Ostrovsky first heard from the mouth of his nanny. Alexander shared children's games with his brothers - Mikhail, Sergey and beloved sister Natalia, who was only one year younger than him. He loved needlework, and his sister learned to sew and cut. The house had a very good library. Mother attached a lot of effort to the education of children.

So, for example, Alexander was engaged in dancing and singing, French and German, he was well acquainted with the work of V. Trediakovsky, V. Zhukovsky, A. Pushkin and others. In the year, Lyubov Ivanovna died, and five years later the father married a second time. His wife was Emilia Andreevna von Tessin, the daughter of the Swedish nobleman, who introduced children to the history of European art, she also considered it necessary to teach children Greek and Italian languages.

In the year, Alexander Ostrovsky became a gymnasium student of the first Moscow gymnasium. Passion for literature and theatrical art intensified, in his free time he played in a dramatic circle. Father did not approve of his dreams, and at his insistence in the year, young Ostrovsky entered the law faculty of Moscow University, but he did not study, because instead of lectures he went to performances.

It is not surprising that in the spring of the year A. Ostrovsky was expelled. They also said that he left himself, quarreling with some professor. Since the years, young Alexander Ostrovsky served in the Moscow Conscious Court of the provincial court, considering civil cases in the order of conciliatory procedure and some criminal ones. In the next six years, he worked in the office of the Moscow Commercial Court, having resigned as a provincial secretary.

Father's lawyer practice and service in court for almost eight years gave the future playwright rich material for his plays. In the year, the writer's debut in the newspaper Moscow City Leaflet took place. The publishing house published an outline of Ostrovsky “Notes of the Zamoskvoretsky Resident” and the play “Picture of Family Life”. The comedy in the four actions “our people - we will consider the previous names -“ insolvent debtor ”,“ bankrupt ”, and“ bankrupt, or your people - consider it ”was first read on December 3 in the house of the writer Petrovich Pogodin.

There was Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol there. The reading of Professor Stepan Petrovich Shevyrev, and the famous professor called Ostrovsky, passed in the house of the house "a new dramatic luminary in Russian literature." The comedy was printed in the magazine Moskvityan and brought real glory to A. Ostrovsky, they began to call him “Columbus Zamoskvorechye”, and the play itself with merchant “dead souls”.

But still, censorship did not suit the critical mood of the plays, and the merchant was offended by the author. According to these complaints, Nicholas I ordered to ban the play for the production and establish police supervision over the playwright. The ban on the production was lifted in the year, already under Alexander II. Ostrovsky became close to I. Turgenev and L. Tolstoy, became an employee of the magazine "Contemporary".

Lakshin, a researcher of the work of the playwright, notes: "January 14 is the day of the betrothal of Ostrovsky with the stage." On this day, the premiere of the play "Do not sit down in the Maly Theater." Moscow celebrated the success and opening of a new playwright. At the premiere of this performance in the Alexandrinsky Theater in St. Petersburg, Nikolai himself was present. Suddenly, the emperor liked the play, and he said the famous phrase: "This is not even a play, this is a lesson." The performances brought large box office fees, while merchants, first offended by the playwright, were now glad that their life became the subject of art.

The play “Thunderstorm”, written on the eve of the abolition of serfdom, struck contemporaries. The critic Nikolai Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov in the article “Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom” saw a symbol of protest in Katerina. The Commission for the awards of Count Uvarov at the Academy of Sciences on September 25 awarded A. Ostrovsky Uvarovsky Prize for the drama "Thunderstorm" - three thousand rubles in silver.

The audience enthusiastically met the plays “Forest”, “Hot Heart”, “Frantic Money”, “Wolves and Sheep”, “Working Bread”, “Snow Maiden”.The poetic play "Snow Maiden" appeared like this. The building of the Small Theater in the year was closed for repairs, the troupe moved to the Bolshoi Theater building, and then the Moscow Imperial Theaters Management Commission decided to put a performance where three troupe were involved: opera, ballet and dramatic.

And Alexander Ostrovsky wrote a delightful “Snow Maiden”. The basis is a Russian folk tale. The music for the play was composed by the young Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The premiere took place on May 11 at the Bolshoi Theater. The playwright draws here his ideal of social life, defining fair, beautiful human relations. The fairy tale beloved by everyone since childhood tells the power of the Snow Maiden's dedicated love, for which she sacrifices her life ...

The year was marked by a trip to Europe. In the year, he found himself among the founders and leaders of the artistic circle, from which talented Russian artists came out: Sadovsky, Strepetov, Pisarev and others. Ostrovsky organized the society of Russian dramatic writers and was its chairman from a year until the last days of his life. He did a lot to change the legislation of theatrical administration and thereby improved the material and social status of actors.

In the years, A. Ostrovsky participated in the work of the commission to revise laws on imperial theaters. From January 1, he was appointed head of the repertoire part of Moscow theaters and the head of the theater school. Ostrovsky served the Russian stage for almost 40 years, created 54 plays describing Russian life from ancient times and historical events of the past, to the present, from the era of serfdom to the development of capitalism.

And today, performances based on the plays of A. Ostrovsky are staged in many theaters of Russia. According to his plays, beautiful feature films were shot - for example, “Balzaminov’s marriage”, “Cruel romance” - as well as many television performances with the best actors. In the last period of his life, A. Ostrovsky created plays dedicated to the Russian theater: the poetic comedy “Comedian of the XVII Century” - about the birth of the first Russian theater at the court of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the father of Peter I, “Talents and Fans” and “Without guilt” Ostrovsky died at work, sitting at a desk, with a pen in his hands.

The cause of death is considered angina pectoris. The funeral of the playwright took place near the family nest, in the village of Nikolo-Berezhka. The grave of the writer is located in the cemetery of the Church of Nikolai Wonderworker. Interesting facts from the life of A. Ostrovsky: Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky is considered the great Russian playwright.

Ostrovsky was thirteen brothers and sisters. The future playwright was the older child in the family. At the paternal insistence, A. Ostrovsky went to the gymnasium to study as a lawyer, but was forced to stop his studies after the failure of the Roman law exam. Ostrovsky spoke seven languages, not counting Russian, including Latin and ancient Greek. It was the great playwright thanks to his translations that he introduced many people to Shakespeare's work.

The main extensive hobby of A. Ostrovsky throughout life was fishing. Contemporaries recalled that even the most mild criticism, the playwright perceived any, even the most mild criticism and sometimes even aggressively. The creative activity of A. Ostrovsky lasted more than forty years. The theater school founded by A. Ostrovsky was later improved by M. When the playwright died, in Moscow they arranged a reading room, named after this great man.

Ostrovsky was very careful in everything: from laying suitcases to relations with others. Unlike most creative celebrities, there were no scandals, duels and other passions with his participation. Alexander Ostrovsky created a banner. This is a sheet with black lines that helped to write exactly on illinated paper. Memory: the village of Ostrovskoye and Ostrovsky district in the Kostroma region.