Keynes Biography

Biographical information John Meinard Keynes English. John Maynard Keynes English economist, founder of the Keynesian direction in economic theory. He was born on June 5 in Cambridge. His parents are an economist, teacher of economics and philosophy at Cambridge University John Nevil Keynes and Floren Ada Brown, who was known in England as a writer and public figure. In the year, Keynes's wife was the Russian ballerina of the Diaghilev Entreprise Lidia Lopukhova.

Keynes, as a teacher and public figure, the pedagogical activity of Keynes began in the year when he began to teach at the University of Cambridge's Economic Department. He devoted free time to study the theory of probabilities and the inductive method. The result of his work was a dissertation, which was published in the name "Treatise on probability." During the First World War, Keynes served in the Ministry of Finance, where he was responsible for relations with allies and foreign exchange reserves.

After the end of hostilities, he was appointed representative of the ministry at the Paris Peace Conference, where he opposed the recovery of reparations with Germany, considering this decision a step towards destabilizing the European economy. Returning to the duties of the teacher at the Kingz College, Keynes continued to study the economic situation in Europe. He was also very successfully engaged in entrepreneurship and by the end of the X became a wealthy person, was engaged in charity work in the field of literature and theater.

He provided financial assistance to the Cambridge Art Theater, was seriously interested in literature collected books, for example, managed to acquire many original works of Isaac Newton, was a great fan of the theater and even composed ballet libretto. In addition, he was an excellent speaker and won the reputation of a talented participant in discussions on topics regarding philosophy and economics.

In June, Keynes became a member of the House of Lords as Baron Tilton. In years, he took part in the preparation and adoption of an agreement in Bretton-Wood on the creation of the IMF and the International Bank for the Reconstruction and Development of the World Bank. Keynes received scientific and literary activities at the end of the Royal College in Cambridge, where he already demonstrated a tendency to scientific research in the field of philosophy took an active part in the work of the scientific circle, led by the famous philosopher George Moore, was a member of the Apostles philosophical club.

After the end of Cays, Keynes worked in the India Department of Affairs, in the Royal Commission on Indian Finance and Currency. Then he served in the Ministry of Finance as an adviser, participated in Parisian peace negotiations and even proposed his plan for the post -war restoration of the European economy. At the age of 30, he wrote his first book - “Money Contact and Finance of India” The next work - “Treatise on probability” - was published in the year.

The basis of Keynes’s Book “The Economic Results of the World” was a plan for the post -war restoration of the European economy, proposed by him during Parisian peace negotiations. In this work, he rightly objected to the economic oppression of Germany, which could subsequently lead to which was confirmed by the subsequent development of history to strengthen revenge sentiments.

Another work, which brought the author wide fame, was the book "Economic consequences of the Versailles Agreement." Later, studies of economic problems became the reason for writing such well -known works as “the general theory of employment, interest and money” in these works, Keynes proved the failure of the concept of self -regulating economy and proposed a number of measures to lend, monetary circulation and ensuring employment.

He also developed the idea of ​​psychological stimulation of demand and market preferences of individuals as a factor in state regulation of the economy. In years, Keynes is involved in the problems of the future world economy and finance. He presented his position on this issue in the Treatise on Monetary Reform that Keynes believed that monetary policy should be built on maintaining the stability of domestic prices, and not on the overestimation of the currency exchange rate, as the Great Britain did at that time.

The second half of the xs, Keynes is working on a “treatise on money” published in the year. In it, he sets out his views on the questions of foreign exchange courses and the gold standard. In the year, Keynes became a member of the advisory committee at the Ministry of Finance on Military Problems, then an adviser to the minister. In the same year, he published the work “How to pay for a war?

He believed that the military operations of the state should largely pay for the country's population. To do this, he proposed to deposit on a compulsory manner all the funds left by the population after paying taxes and exceeding some level to special accounts in a postal saving bank with their subsequent unlocking. During the Second World War, Keynes dealt with international finance issues and the post -war structure of the world financial system.

In particular, he took part in the development of the concept of the Bretton Wood system, and in the year he negotiated about the American loans of Great Britain.

In March, Keynes participated in the opening of the International Monetary Fund. The creator of the theory of Keynesiansva in the history of the global economy Keynes entered as the creator of the new theory, which is called by his name - Keynesianism. This is the theory of state-monopoly regulation of the capitalist economy, which was formed under the influence of a sharp aggravation of the contradictions of capitalist reproduction in the era of the general crisis of capitalism with the emergence of state-monopoly capitalism.

The theory was formed under the influence of a sharp aggravation of the contradictions of capitalist reproduction in the era of the general crisis of capitalism with the emergence of state-monopoly capitalism. The essence of Keynesianism is to justify the need for state regulation of the capitalist economy in order to uninterrupted course of capitalist reproduction in the interests of monopolies.

Keynes formulated the principles of state-monopoly regulation of the capitalist economy in the form of a “employment theory”, on the basis of which he developed a program of the anti-crisis economic policy of the bourgeois state. Critics note a number of significant drawbacks of this theory, for example, the underestimation of the social essence of economic phenomena, ignoring the historical nature of the objective economic laws of capitalism, and an exaggeration of the role of a subjective factor in the economic life of society.

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