Engels biography
Mayakovsky in the poem said: "Eat pineapple, chew hazel grouse, your last day comes, bourgeois." The dominant idea of equality and the proletariat in the vastness of the Soviet space was created by revolutionaries under the influence of the works of recognized German public figures - Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. Let their teachings be utopian, as the sad example of the USSR showed, but these people left a mark in history, philosophy and economics.
Childhood and youth, the founder of Marxism, was born a first-born in the house 9 children grew on November 28 in the town of Bartender, which is today the administrative district of the city of Wuppertal North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The future politician was brought up in the family of the manufacturer of the cotton fabric of Friedrich Engels, which came from a noble dynasty founded in the city of Bergish-Gladbach in the 16th century, and was distinguished by conservative views on life.
The portrait of Friedrich Engels, the mother of the revolutionary Elizabeth Engels Haar, came out of the midst of respected philologists, was a woman's sensitive, radiant, educated and talented. Elizabeth had an extremely positive effect on her eldest son. Engels Sr. was a believer, like his parents, was inclined to pietism, which arose from the teachings of Lutheranism. The pietists were not supporters of the dogmas revered by Lutherans, but encouraged live communication with God and personal piety.
Friedrich Jr., who grew up in a religious atmosphere, accepted the Protestant denomination that reigned in the house. The house in which Friedrich Engels lived in childhood, but, when Engels became older, he began to reject the faith in the existence of the gods in every possible way: atheistic inclinations progressed in it every year. It all started after the young man got acquainted with the creations of David Strauss, a publicist and theologian.
After reading his key work, “Jesus’s Life”, Engels thoroughly began to doubt the idea of personal faith. In the future, Frederick's “godlessness” became a stumbling block between the father and son. Friedrich Engels in his youth at the future politician had a warm relationship with her maternal grandfather Gerhard Bernhard Van Haar, a philologist in education, who at one time was in a senior position of the rector.
Gerhard introduced the grandson to the bright and diverse world of literature, especially with the ancient Greek epic. The boy was delighted with the “Iliad” of Homer, where the brave Menelaus entered into the confrontation with Paris by the hand and heart of Elena. The young Frederick was fascinated by stories about the ruthless Trojan War, in which the legendary heroes participated, who fought not for life, but for death.
Engels began to attend a general educational institution in his native bartender, where he corveered over textbooks in physics and chemistry, and also showed his abilities for learning languages. Frederick later became a student of the Elberfeld gymnasium. In the fall of the year, the young man was forced to leave the school bench at the insistence of his father, who wanted the offspring to follow in his footsteps and tied his life with the family business.
Friedrich Engels Friedrich dreamed of getting proper university education, but could not disobey his parent, so he began to earn extra money in the company of Engels Sr., having no tendency to entrepreneurship. If the guy had a choice between business and writing, then, of course, he would have preferred the latter. Frederick Jr. dreamed of literature and poetry, perhaps Engels would become the second Goethe or Schiller, but fate made its adjustments.
Although in M Engels still became the author of the ballad called "Bedouin". In August, Frederick, without bothering with the head of the family, continued to study at a trading worker in the city of Bremen, in north-west of Germany. Being a student, Engels earned minor money, working as a correspondent: the young man wrote provocative notes on industrialization problems in the Stuttgart morning newspaper and Augsburg General Newspaper under the pseudonym Oswald.
Frederick did not want readers to know that he was a native of a capitalist family. The future philosopher spent his free time from his studies and work with benefit: he was read out by classical literature, tried to play music, composed poetry and wrote critical essays. In addition, Engels was a zealous fan of sports: he was engaged in swimming and riding. Frederick was carried away by the works of the founder of Christian mysticism and sophiology Jacob Beme, but this addiction turned out to be short -lived.
The monument to Friedrich Engels further the favorite of Engels was the theologian and preacher Schleiermacher, who was an adherent of eclecticism and denied the invasion of metaphysics into religion. Then Frederick began to study the manuscripts of the German philosopher George Hegel, who was thinking about the phenomenology of the spirit, as well as religion, law, history and art.
Friedrich Engels in the construction of the Barics in the year, Engels reached a draft age and went to serve in the army in Berlin, where he became a scorer in an artillery brigade.Frederick not only fulfilled a military duty, but also attended the metropolitan university, where he went to lectures on philosophy as a free -list, and also joined the group of left -wing Hegelians who praised George’s dialectics, but did not accept his conservatism.
Frederick was a golden middle between the left and right, because he protected Hegel from attacks from Schelling. Marxism acquaintance of Engels and Marx happened in the year. Two brilliant people met in Cologne, in the editorial office of the Rhine newspaper. Initially, Frederick did not cause Marx sympathy in Marx, because the philosopher considered Engels an adherent to the Mladogelians with whom he had disagreements.
Further, Engels' road followed Manchester, where he studied the basics of his father’s textile enterprise. In the largest city in North-West England, the future Marxist spent almost two years. In the picturesque areas of the United Kingdom, Engels got acquainted with the life and life of average workers, and this had a tremendous influence on his subsequent worldview.
Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx in the year Frederick enters the ranks of the German revolutionaries, whom he met in London. At that time, Engels continued to earn extra money as a journalist, sending his works, where the discussions about communism flashed into multiple newspapers, including the German-French annual, which was published by Marx and his friend Ruga in Paris.
Correspondence began between future associates, warm and friendly relations began to grow, they often met and discussed general philosophical ideas. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the printing house of the “New Rhine Newspaper” in the year Engels returned to his homeland and accepted for writing the scientific work “The situation of the working class in England”. Then the disagreements of Frederick and his father began.
Engels Sr. absolutely did not understand the activity of his son. The commercial of a wide hand did not share the philosophy of the ideas of the antagonism of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, which his offspring was so zealously fond of. Frederick not only began to reject all manifestations of religion, but also got problems with the police, which spoiled the reputation of a large textilesman.
Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx the fact that Karl Marx's friend was not shy about expressing his views and discussing publicly publicly. Therefore, the guardians of the law and order established surveillance of a young speaker. It is not surprising that Marx also began to be the perch, however, with French law. In the end, both public figures moved to the relatively free capital of Belgium Brussels.
Then, in M, the associates returned to England, where after 2 years they received a ticket of the "Union of Fair", a left -winging organization. Later, the association was abolished after the trial of eleven participants in Cologne. In winter, a year later, philosophers returned to Brussels, where they became the founders of a virtual instrument called “Communist correspondent committee”, which was intended for postal communication between supporters of socialism.
Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx since November, young geniuses began to work on the two -volume of the “German ideology”, which became the key set of the philosophy of Marx and Engels. However, the authors could not find the publisher, so the valuable book was published only in the year in Moscow edited by Social Democrat David Borisovich Ryazanov. Although the majority used to perceive Engels as the shadow and second violin of Karl Marx, Frederick made an integral contribution of a materialistic understanding of history.
Lenin said: “Marxism cannot be understood and it is impossible to state it whole, regardless of all the works of Engels.” Marx and Engels shared the general theory of the proletariat, and also substantiated the need to create a revolutionary party. It is worth assuming that separately these great minds would not have achieved due glory. In the last years of his life, Engels was an active fighter for the rights of working classes, in his work “Capitalism” the philosopher noticed a thin line of emerging imperialism.
In the “Manifesto of the Communist Party”, Engels and Marx considered the anti -capitalist revolution as the only way that erodes the border between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. Frederick Engels' personal life was a highly educated intellectual and erudite interlocutor. The philosopher was persons in eight languages: he could speak in Russian, Portuguese, Irish and other languages.
The revolutionary often arranged parties for London associates, which took place in Sunday evenings. These friendly gatherings often ended at 2 or 3 in the morning. Gathering in the house of Friedrich Engels once Jenny Long, the daughter of Karl Marx, let Friedrich fill the questionnaire - this questionnaire was unprecedented popular with girls at school. Engels answered a couple of typical questions.
Thus, the biographers learned that the socialist did not like the theologian of Charles in Operjen, but read Shakespeare, Goethe and Lessing. In people, the philosopher loved a cheerful character, hated hypocrisy and arrogant young ladies.It is also known that a public figure was easily in life, but, like any mortal, he was afraid of dentists. Among other things, Engels adored Chateau Margot of the year, Irish stew for dinner and a fox hunt.
Jenny Long with regard to love relationships, then with his chosen one Mary and her sister Lizzi Burns Friedrich met about a year. Engels did not like to make his life public public, so the information is extremely stingy about his beloved fate. It is known that Mary was the daughter of a dye in a textile factory and shared the socialist ideas of her dies.
Also, according to rumors, Mary did not refuse strong drinks, later her passion for alcohol grew into alcoholism. Friedrich Engels and Lizzi Burns some scientists converge to the fact that a pernicious habit became the cause of her unexpected death. In the year, a few hours before the death of Mary Frederick, the opponent of marriages, legitimized his relationship with the dying Miss Burns.
After the death of his wife, Engels began relations with her sister - Lydia, an illiterate, but smart woman who was known as Lizzy. In the year, Lizzy fell ill and fell into bed. The woman could not recover and soon died. Although Engels was an atheist, he respected the religious feelings of his lover, so he also signed her on his deathbed. The death of the year 5, the great revolutionary died.
The cause of death is the esophagus cancer. The body of the philosopher was cremated. The urn with ashes was lowered into the sea on the coast of the La Channel. In honor of Marx and Engels, streets are named in some cities of Russia, and monuments are also erected. In the year, the State Bank of the Soviet Union released a jubilee coin with the image of Frederick. Bibliography - “The position of the working class in England” - “Manifesto of the Communist Party”.